American Bungalow Essays - Bungalow, The Aladdin Company

American Bungalow Essays - Bungalow, The Aladdin Company American Bungalow The article Manufacturing and Marketing the American Bungalow by Scott Erbes discusses the effects that The Aladdin Company had on the American Bungalow. The Aladdin Company was a main manufacturer of these mail order homes. By intense marketing and propaganda the Aladdin Company, along with several others, was able to promote and sell these precut homes by mail. The Aladdin Company was founded in 1906 in Bay City, Michigan by William and Otto Sovereign. William and Otto started their firm having had no architectural experience at all. They were inspired by a friend who was in the business of selling precut boats by mail so they decided to venture into selling precut homes by mail. In order for William and Otto to get their company started and up to the level that they wanted, it became necessary to use mass-marketing as a ploy to draw people into the idea of homes through the mail. Their way of enticing people to buy these homes was through their catalogue. They portrayed the homes by mail, bungalows, as an escape from lifes worries: A place where one could commune with nature. By taking the promotional aspect to such a high level the bungalow became very prominent in the America in the early 1900s. By 1917, William and Otto were selling more than three thousand homes per year. They had homes spread all over the United States and included in that array of owners were several large- scale companies such as the Dupont Company. Their success continued for the next two decades and William and Otto were able to broaden their product line from not only the houses but also the furnishings in the houses. However, the companies momentum was nearly depleted during the Great Depression. Aladdins output dropped drastically during the Great Depression but in the decades following the Depression, it was able to regain some of their profit but they never reached the level that they were at before the Depression. Finally, in the 1980s the company had to shut down because of the lack of profit. The author, Scott Erbes, focuses heavily on the different types of the bungalow and on their origin. The word bungalow comes from the work Bangla, which is a hut-like dwelling from the region of Bengal, India. This origin design was greatly altered by the time it reached the United States. The interpretation of the Bangla into what Aladdins designers felt it needed to look like was drastically different. The design went from something portable to something that was permanent and used for seasonal outings. People used their bungalows as their vacation homes and eventually the bungalows became the year round residents for some of the lower middle class people. It becomes very obvious that a creation as largely accepted as this one, would attract a large amount of attention from the media. The bungalow received both good and bad reviews depending on the person. Some were crazy about the idea while others were very critical of the use of these dwellings for permanent use. They claimed that the structure had no architectural creativity at all and that they were boring. It is very intriguing that something as petty as a mail order home could be as popular as it was for the time period that it was. For William and Otto to think of this idea and to actually be able to make a profit off of it is very praiseworthy. They took a risk when they ventured into the business but it paid of when they were able to promote an ideas that spawned so many other companies to do the same thing. Also, to be able to overcome the overwhelming disapproval of some critics is admirable. Aladdins idea for the bungalow was very versatile and therefore it appealed to the middle class. The middle class would be able to buy a home like this and be able to change it around as they saw fit for what they needed. The way that the author compares the bungalow to the log cabin becomes very intriguing. He says that the bungalow is the modern day log cabin. The way that the author relates these two allows you

A Rose For Emily Essays - A Rose For Emily, Homer Simpson, Emily

A Rose For Emily Essays - A Rose For Emily, Homer Simpson, Emily A Rose For Emily A Rose for emily Life is fickle and most people will be a victim of circumstance and the times. Some people choose not to let circumstance rule them and, as they say, time waits for no man. Faulkner's Emily did not have the individual confidence, or maybe self-esteem and self-worth, to believe that she could stand alone and succeed at life especially in the face of changing times. She had always been ruled by, and depended on, men to protect, defend and act for her. From her Father, through the manservant Tobe, to Homer Barron, all her life was dependent on men. The few flashes of individuality showed her ability to rise to the occasion, to overcome her dependency, when the action was the only solution available. Like buying the poison or getting money by offering china-painting classes. Life is sad and tragic; some of which is made for us and some of which we make ourselves. Emily had a hard life. Everything that she loved left her. Her father probably impressed upon her that every man she met was no good for her. The townspeople even state when her father died, it got about that the house was all that was left to her; and in a way, people were glad being left alone. She had become humanized (219). This sounds as if her father's death was sort of liberation for Emily. In a way it was, she could begin to date and court men of her choice and liking. Her father couldn't chase them off any more. But then again, did she have the know-how to do this, after all those years of her father's past actions? It also sounds as if the townspeople thought Emily was above the law because of her high-class stature. Now since the passing of her father she may be like them, a middle class working person. Unfortunately, for Emily she became home bound. She didn't socialize much except for having her manservant Tobe visit to do some chores and go to the store for her. Faulkner depicts Emily and her family as a high social class. Emily did carry her self with dignity and people gave her that respect, based from fear of what Emily could do to them. Emily was a strong willed person especially when she went into the drug store for the arsenic. She said Arsenic. I want arsenic (220). All along, the druggist wanted to know what she wanted it for and she answered back I want the best you have. I don't care what kind (220). Needless to say, the druggist never got an answer. The druggist gave Emily poison out of fear and respect, possibly. Yes, Emily didn't socialize much, but she did have a gentleman friend, Homer Barron. Homer was a Forman for a road construction company, Faulkner writes a forman named Homer Barron, a Yankee a big, dark, ready man, with a big voice and eyes lighter than his face(220). Emily's father probably would not be pleased with this affair with Homer,considering her upbringing. Homer was a 'commoner' and did not fit the social standards of her father. Of course, Emily, like most women dream of getting married and having a family and most of all, being loved. The gossip around town was spreading; the townspeople said when she got to be thirty and was still single, we were not pleased, but vindicated; ... She wouldn't have turned down all of her chances if they had materialized (221). Emily wanted to be loved, and she was determined that Homer would be her true love to rescue her from fear, fear of being alone. Indeed Emily took a great liking to Homer, but Homer's feelings about the relationship were different. It was rumored that even Homer himself had remarkedhe liked men, and it was known that he drunk with younger men in the Elk's clubthat he was not a marrying man (221). Homer left Emily and the town for three days, and then came back. While Homer was gone, Emily still was preparing for her wedding. She bought invitations and clothes for Homer. Emily grew fearful of Homer's departure, fear of being left alone again. Faulkner writes A neighbor saw the Negro man (Tobe) admit him at the kitchen door at dusk one evening. And that's thelast we saw of Homer Barron (221). Once again, a fear of

Slavery During American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Slavery During American Revolution - Essay Example The Arawaks also provided food, gifts and water to Christopher Columbus and his crew upon arrival in the territories of America. All these humane care and concern as displayed by Arawaks to Columbus and his group were senseless in ensuring continued peace and freedom among the communities of the Arawaks. These events as faced by Arawaks marked the sad the beginning of the slavery and American Revolution. Derived from the meek nature of the Arawaks, Columbus and his group developed mechanisms and ideas of converting innocent and peasant community into their slaves (Zinn 1). In the reports of Zinn (1), Columbus and his group were pleased with the good bodies of the Arawaks and the fact that they lacked dread weapons earned Columbus and his group much confidence to pursue and subdue the Arawaks in their own land. Zinn (1) connotes Columbus saying, â€Å"They have no iron. They got spears made of cane†¦they would make fine servants†. Columbus and his group had well wedged iro n weapons, which they even witnessed, cut one of the Arawaks when he received the weapon from the Columbus by holding the sharp edge. Columbus was also coined arguing that the ignorance of the Arawaks is the reason as to why the cut themselves with the iron. Columbus and his group on realizing that Baham island s were rich in precious gold, he resorted to engage forced slavery in the extraction process of the gold (Zinn 1). In order to enhance the power of his crew, Columbus travelled back to Italy with elements of gold to convince king to add him some other personalities to help him utilize the Arawaks in mining of the gold. Zinn (1) confirms that Columbus used his boosted force to compel the miserable Arawaks work in the mines and obtain him gold under slavery. Much work with insufficient food led to suffocation of the Arawaks thus leading to their death in large numbers. According to Zinn (1), Columbus also seized and enslaved a population of Indians in the Caribbean Island after he recognized that they were equally non-brutal. The enslaved Indians worked in the gold rich mines to excavate gold that were later transported to Europe. Many Indian however faced death due to their stubbornness to the Europeans. Those who could not work as slaves harmed and killed. Zinn (1) also confirms that Columbus picked 500 strong men among the Indian and Arawak communities to load gold into the ships and journey to Europe. Some of the slaves boarded on the ships in the reports of Zinn (1) died on the way to adverse cold weather in the ocean. Those who managed to reach Spain were sold as slaves to the rich households in Spain. Indians were forcibly compelled to gather gold in the depleted gold mines. Failure to collect sufficient amount called for mistreatment. Zinn (1) further reports that, the massive murder was directed to the Arawaks who tried to rebel against the Europeans. In addition, Indian and Arawaks under imprisonment faced merciless hanging by the Spaniard armie s (Zinn 1). In the views of Zinn (1), Pizarro one of the successors of Columbus conceded vehement killing of Indians whom he considered as scarifies to his gods. Indians would resist the domination of the Europeans to convert them into slaves. Indians’ resistance made Europeans to advance numerous attacks against the Indians, which included destruction of crops and death of people and animals. Zinn (2) reports that the white settlers in Virginia indulged in large

Discussing Public Administration Select Committee, Service Committee, Assignment

Discussing Public Administration Select Committee, Service Committee, Human Rights Act of 1998 - Assignment Example The Standards and Privileges Committee investigated claims that Peter Mandelson – the then Secretary of State for Trade and Industry – had contravened the individual ministerial responsibility by receiving a loan of  £373,000 from Geoffrey Robinson – the then Paymaster General of the Treasury. This case was exacerbated by claims that Robbinson had been involved in financial misconduct that Mandelson had overlooked. The committee presented its findings in which they found that Mandelson had erred and violated the ministerial responsibility. The Public Administration Select Committee conducted a review of Jo Moore, special adviser to Stephen Byers – the then Transport Secretary –, conduct in making public sensitive government information. In addition to Moore resigning, Byers was also asked to resign since he was Moore’s immediate supervisor thereby creating a situation in which he (Myers) had contravened the ministerial responsibility. For that matter, they determined that Myers, as the secretary in charge of the ministry, was liable for the official conduct of his immediate subordinates. The Public Administration Select Committee sought to determine whether Ministers were accountable for their special advisor's actions. There sitting was necessitated by repeated incidences of government officials engaging in unbecoming conduct – as set by the ministerial responsibility – for which it was difficult to determine whether the cabinet secretaries, as their boss, were liable. The report referred to the Public Service Committee, Ministerial Accountability and Responsibility (HC 1996-97, 313) report to determine that in addition to constitutional accountability, cabinet secretaries were also personally responsible and liable for the conduct of the immediate personnel.

Dyscalculia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dyscalculia - Essay Example Some researchers declared that it is a biological trouble related to brain, some believe that emotional problems are contributing to this disorder; some psychologists declared it, a result of overall low intelligence of children and some say mathematical anxiety is causing this problem. Hence there are a lot of views regarding dyscalculia. A lot of researches have been made to identify the reason causing dyscalculia, yet it is not clear what actually is making it difficult for the children to understand mathematics. Whatsoever is causing dyscalculia; the methods to resolve this problem must be defined and implemented in schools for such children. A person needs to identify whether the problem exists or not before solving it. The first step in helping such children is to examine if the child is having dyscalculia or is it just because of lack of attention and interest. Three methods are defined to diagnose dyscalculia. However one out of those three techniques is considered effective. Two of them evaluate the tendency of a child of solving mathematical problems. These techniques diagnose dyscalculia by considering the errors made by the child and the time taken by the child to solve basic mathematical sums. While solving mathematical problems, a child may be influenced by the environment and other changes. The techniques to diagnose dyscalculia must not be a normal mathematics test as a child may be weak mentally i.e. he may have low aptitude level. The child may be distracted due to some other activity and errors may occur due to some misunderstanding and less power to learn and fathom questions easily. Therefore, the most effective technique is considered to be 'The dyscalculia Screener', which is developed by Butterworth, 2003. This screener is designed to diagnose dyscalculia among the children between the ages of 6 to 14. There are certain mathematical skills that human beings adopt automatically from the nature. For example, a person may easily identify that a set of data contains a numeric value, 6 is less than 7 and counting (2 comes after 1). Dyscalculia is basically designed to carry out if the child is lacking inherent numerical knowledge. This software program is designed with three different groups. The first group is named as dot enumeration, second is called as number comparison and third is arithmetic achievement. The screener shows the weaknesses of a child in the natural human mathematics skills. If a child is performing at a low level in dot enumeration and number comparison and has medium performance in arithmetic then he has dyscalculia. In contrast, if he's perf orming at a high level in dot enumeration and number comparison but performing badly in arithmetic test, he's just bad at arithmetic know-how. Despite of the importance of this screener, it is not considered to be the most successful idea. The price offered to schools is higher than the budget of schools which rely on funds. On the other hand, some schools do not take note of its usefulness and hence despite of having enough finance they do not purchase this helpful and efficient tool. People having dyscalculia are also affected socially because we need

Project Management Specification of Services

Project Management Specification of Services Establishment Establish a Project Control Group (PCG) comprising of: A representative of the Principal (BOT Representative); A representative of the Project Manager; The design team leader (to be appointed), by invitation of the BOT Representative or Project Manager; and The Quantity Surveyor (to be appointed), by invitation of the BOT Representative or Project Manager. Assist the BOT Representative with procuring consultants as required, including short listing, interviews, evaluation, recommendations and confirmations of appointments. The Project Manager will set up a management structure to: Define responsibilities; Establish lines of communication and reporting; Deal with authorisation procedures between the Project Manager and the BOT Representative; Work with the design team to define the stages in the design process and, at various stages, seek input from the BOT Representative; and Organise the Quantity Surveyor to undertake a budget review. The Project Manager will attend and minute regular meetings, including PCG meetings, identifying actions and responsibilities as necessary. Set up systems to monitor performance parameters such as time, cost and standard required by the BOT Representative. Research all relevant records. Visit and review the existing site conditions and the proposed location of the new Building. Meet with the BOT Representative to discuss the scope of work proposed. Prepare a project brief for both the overall site development and the specific development requirements in consultation with the design team. Finalise the brief with the design team (including confirmed budgets) and obtain BOT Representative approval. Prepare a preliminary development programme identifying key milestones and completion dates. Manage compliance by the design team, Quantity Surveyor and any other consultants engaged on the Principals behalf, with the terms of their respective contracts with the Principal, and supervise performance of their duties pursuant to such contracts. Concept design Prepare a site development plan with the design team. Obtain endorsement of site development plan from the BOT Representative including proposed site for the Buildings. Develop concept plans for the Buildings. Ensure an initial cost check is undertaken after the design team has completed the initial concept plans, ensuring that the total budget for the Contract Works is not exceeded. If such reviews indicate potential budget overruns, remedial steps will be taken to amend the design to bring it within the budget requirements. All other duties as required to successfully manage the concept design phase. Develop design Ongoing duties as above. Check that the design develops in accordance with the requirements of the BOT Representatives brief and in accordance with the relevant codes of practice and statutory requirements. Check that the design develops within the budget requirements. Co-ordinate the submission of the design, in stages, to the BOT Representative and obtain their approval. Ensure that sufficient information is made available to allow the BOT Representative to make informed decisions, including preparing and co-ordinating option appraisals, peer reviews as necessary. Advise the BOT Representative if the design development will not be to the standard required by the BOT Representative and that adjustments will be required. Other duties as are required to successfully manage the developed design and resource consent documentation phase. Building consent Ongoing duties as above. Oversee and ensure delivery of all necessary consents by the design team. Lodge the Building Consent application on behalf of the BOT Representative once the documentation has been completed and approved. Liaise with statutory bodies on behalf of the BOT Representative where they are required to carry out work on the project. Other duties as required to successfully manage the consents and tender documentation phase. Working drawings and contract documents Ongoing duties as above. Manage the design process so that the contract documentation scope aligns with the cost plan. Liaise with the design team and provide comment on samples and prototypes in consultation with the BOT Representative to ensure all economies can be maintained while ensuring a quality end product. Ensure a full cost check is undertaken after full working drawings have been completed. Liaise with the BOT Representative regarding the preparation of the conditions of contract and contract documents. Advise and assist the BOT Representative in specifying their requirements in regard to obtaining the operating and maintenance manuals. Procurement Ongoing duties as above. Evaluate and advise on procurement options to best deliver the Contract Works within the agreed project objectives. Co-ordinate the input of the PCG in the preparation of lists of suitable contractors from which to invite tenders. Invite Expressions of Interest from contractors, evaluate in accordance with BOT Representative agreed criteria to recommend preferred selected tender list. Ensure that the advertisements for tenderers are correctly placed (if required). Assist the BOT Representative with tender evaluations as required and conduct interviews. Oversee the preparation of tender documents by the consultants and if necessary revise the tender documents to suit. Ensure tender documents require Contractor compliance with all applicable Ministry of Education standards. Invite tenders on behalf of the BOT Representative. Arrange for the direct placement of early offers for long lead in items where necessary and arrange for their subsequent novation if appropriate. Review with the design team any alternative proposals put forward by the contractors and make appropriate recommendations to the BOT Representative. Monitor and adjust the scope of work after tenders are received and instigate appropriate action in the event that the tenders exceed the budgets for particular elements. Monitor the procurement process against the programme and instigate appropriate action to manage the project within the overall budget in the event that the tenders exceed budgets for particular elements. Assist with the appointment of the main contractor (if required). Prepare tender reports and recommendations to the PCG for recommendation to the BOT Representative. All other duties as required to successfully manage the procurement phase. Construction Ongoing duties as above. Prepare and keep updated a master project programme. Monitor the master project programme against contractors progress, and review progress at the regular site meetings. Where delays are signalled, take recovery action as appropriate. Prepare a programme for the construction stage of the project in accordance with the BOT Representative requirements. Advise the BOT Representative regarding insurance obligations on the contracted parties and ensure that such insurances are put in place. Receive monthly reports from the design team confirming the status of Request for Information, notice to contractors and site instruction issues. If required, report these to the BOT Representative. Advise the BOT Representative regarding any statutory responsibilities particularly with regard to health, safety and environmental issues, and ensure the main contractor has an appropriate health and safety plan in place. Advise the BOT Representative on quality control actions including progressive monitoring / remedial action. Examine the contractors proposal for construction of the Contract Works and resolve any concerns that arise. Co-ordinate works, sequence, access and similar matters with the contractor and BOT Representative, to the BOT Representatives satisfaction/approval. Arrange for the preparation of a detailed construction programme(s). Arrange for the preparation of schedules identifying when design information is required for order or for construction purposes and ensure that this is fully co-ordinated with the design programme. Ensure that suitable procedures are put in place to consider variations to the Construction Contract. As a general rule, no variation shall be initiated without the BOT Representatives prior written approval unless the net effect of the variation is neutral or better in relation to the budget quality and programme. Ensure that suitable procedures are put in place to monitor, record, progress and cost to facilitate communication to deal with problems that may occur. Fully brief all contractors and their project managers on their duties, project procedures and the project itself to the extent that the overall understanding will improve their performance. Create a culture of confidence, trust and mutual respect between all members of the PCG. Facilitate regular reporting and review meetings on and off site. Be present on site to inspect all matters of critical importance to the project, and in addition attend on site to observe construction works taking place on a not less than weekly basis. Monitor the construction phase and instigate appropriate action in the event of technical problems, delays, unforeseen difficulties, communication breakdowns and any other events, which threaten the objectives of the project. Agree contractors project team and duties. Approve subcontractors trades named by the contractor. Assist in the resolution of disputes as they occur. Financial Management In consultation with the Quantity Surveyor, check the contractors payment claims including checking materials on and off site as required. Provide confirmation to the BOT Representative that progress payments are a fair reflection of the value of works undertaken and therefore the certificate is approved to the BOT Representative for payment. Monitor the payment process and instigate action in the event of problems. Arrange for the negotiation of all variations approved by the BOT Representative in a timely manner and ensure that the budget, quality and programme implications of variations to the contract are fair and reasonable, and certify approved variations. Monitor the variation process and instigate action in the event of problems. Certify all payments in accordance with the contract requirements. Continuously monitor and manage all costs of the project and, in conjunction with the Quantity Surveyor, take responsibility for the delivery of the project within the allocated budget. In consultation with the Quantity Surveyor (and design team / Contractor, as appropriate), provide a monthly summary to the BOT Representative showing: Contract Works completed to date; Works programmed for the following month; The updated forecast final project cost (cost to complete); The status and value of variations if any; Payments to date; Retentions held; and A cash-flow forecast. Commissioning Oversee the preparation of a detailed systems commissioning and testing programme. Oversee the preparation and schedules of test reports and certificates to be obtained, and ensure they take place in a timely manner. Ensure that all parties are aware of what is required. Monitor the commissioning and testing programme and instigate appropriate action in the event that delays occur. Monitor the results of the tests and agree suitable measures with the team in the event that failures occur. Oversee the preparation of the operating and maintenance manuals and check that they meet with the BOT Representatives requirements. All other duties to successfully manage the construction and commissioning phases. Completion Assist the BOT Representative in any arrangements for a phased handover of the project (if necessary) and the logistics of taking possession of the project. Co-ordinate the activities of inspection personnel from the BOT Representative, consultants, contractors and statutory bodies. Ensure that all necessary reports, certificates (including Certificate of Public Use and Code Compliance Certificate), as built drawings and contractor guarantees, sub trade and product guarantees have been obtained for handover. Advise the BOT Representative regarding any statutory requirements it may be required to comply with on taking possession of the project. Prepare final information and issue final certificates. Complete all necessary Ministry of Education documentation (including PMIS requirements) required by the BOT Representative, in conjunction with the design team. Payment terms The Project Manager shall prepare and render to the Principal a valid monthly GST invoice, in respect of the Fee. To be valid a GST invoice must: Clearly show all GST due; Be in New Zealand currency; Be clearly marked Tax invoice; Contain the Project Managers name, address and GST number, if the Project Manager is registered for GST; Contain the Principals name and address and be marked for the attention of the Principals Contract Manager; State the date the invoice was issued; Name this Agreement and provide a description of the Services supplied, including the amount of time spent in the delivery of the Services if payment is based on an Hourly Fee Rate or Daily Fee Rate; Contain the Principals contract reference or purchase order number if there is one; and Be supported by GST receipts if expenses are claimed and any other verifying documentation reasonably requested by the Principal. General Provide a written report to the BOT Representative, no less than monthly, regarding the status of the project, including but not limited to PCG meetings, progress of the project and any application for a variation, and obtain any necessary decisions. Initiate action in the event that any aspect of the project fails to proceed to plan. Upon consultation with the BOT Representative, agree suitable corrective action and monitor its implementation. Quality Assurance: Each consultant is responsible for checking their specific discipline. The design team and Project Manager will also check the work throughout the project. All contractual obligations relating to quality assurance and remedying defects will be managed by the Project Manager, who will be satisfied that the Contract Works have been completed to the required standard prior to issuing the practical completion certificate and certifying final payments. The BOT Representative may carry out its own independent quality control checks. However, any such checks will not obviate the responsibilities of the contractor, the Project Manager or the consultants. Additional Consultants: The Project Manager will have a key role in the decision making process for the appointment of all consultants (i.e. the design team and the Quantity Surveyor), due to the fact that the Project Manager is responsible for their performance. The design team will nominate his or her own sub-consultants, and the selection of the design team will take into account the quality of those sub-consultants. Ongoing services Where the Project Manager is engaged to deliver a number of projects/services on an ongoing basis (e.g. a number of 5YA projects) in relation to [School] The Project Manager shall work directly with a representative of the Principal to discuss and plan any projects which the Principal may be contemplating at the School. Individual projects will be delivered as per the requirements in sections 1 to 12 of this specification.

Essay --

Literature Review Can comparative modelling techniques successfully model an entire genome? Introduction There is a need of detailed description and understanding the structure and function of many proteins. Although the structure and function of protein is best determined experimentally but it can be predicted by comparative modelling (Sanchez and Sali, 1998). Homology modelling or comparative modelling is used to constructs a three-dimensional model of a protein by comparing its sequence similarity to one or more known structures of protein (Jacobson and Sali, 2004). Comparative modelling of protein structure is relevant to functional annotation of proteins based on structure and consequently enhances the impact of genome sequencing, functional genomics and structural genomics on medicine and biology (John and Sali 2003). The complete genetic information about amino acid sequences of different proteins is only provided us by genome sequencing efforts. We are now challenged with assigning, understanding, controlling, and modifying the functions of various proteins encoded by these genomes. This task is generally simplified by native protein three-dimensional structures. The experimental methods used to determine the three-dimensional structures are X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Jacobson and Sali, 2004). These techniques have significant advances but unfortunately many protein structures are not easily accessible by experiments. The computational methods resolved the huge gap between the number of available sequences of amino acid and experimentally solved protein structures (Xiang, 2006). Over the last two years, in the comprehensive public databases, such as SwissProt/TrEMBL and GenPept... ...e than a factor of two (Vitkup et al., 2001). Alignment errors due to both their impact and frequency are the most important single limitation on comparative modelling. Conclusively, from the genome projects, comparative modelling proficiently increases the value of sequence information while it is not yet possible to accurately model all proteins. The main holdups are the difficulties in detection of weak similarities for sequence structure alignment and for fold recognition and absence of structurally defined members in many families of protein. Although only 400 domain folds out of the total of a few thousand are known so in the next ten years, the structure of most globular folds likely is to be determined. Therefore, comparative modelling possibly will be applicable to most of the domains of globular protein close to the completion of the human genome project.

John Wesley’s Thoughts on Slavery Essay

Introduction John Wesley was an ordained minister of the Anglican Church in England in the eighteenth century. He is considered as the founder of the Methodist movement. The Methodist movement started out at Oxford University where John Wesley, his brother Charles and other like-minded individuals began gathering together for prayer and for religious purposes through what they called the â€Å"Holy Club†. They practiced discipline in observing the sacraments of the church; they conducted regular outreach programs designed for the elderly, the prisoners, the sick and other disenfranchised members of the society (Pollock, 1989). Although the Methodist movement floundered in England during the time spent by John Wesley in Georgia in America, it gained new strength upon his return in the 1740s. Because of his new found fervor upon hearing Martin Luther’s preface to the Book of Romans, he began his itinerant preaching and traveled extensively throughout England preaching about the Christian faith (Pollock, 1989). John Wesley and Slavery John Wesley was opposed to debauchery and the drinking of wine. In addition, his sermons and his writings were also opposed to slavery. When Wesley was in the British colony of Georgia, he saw the way that masters treat their slaves as well as the way in which these slaves were sold as cattle. In 1774, John Wesley published one of his reflections entitled Thoughts on Slavery. On this pamphlet, he expounded on the slave trade—how the slaves were taken from their native lands and transported to the New World to provide important workforce for the plantations. He condemned slavery as an act which cannot be reconciled with Justice and Mercy (Brycchan Carey, 2002). In the said pamphlet, John Wesley appealed to both slave-traders and slave owners to stop the practice and he closed with a written prayer for their soul. In this address to the slave-traders, Wesley’s accusations and dispensations were impassioned and unrelenting. He lamented the lack of compassion in the slave traders because of the way that they treat the slaves (Brycchan Carey, 2002). Wesley’s opposition to slavery even led him to commit his support to the Abolitionist movement. The abolitionist movement grew in power and magnitude towards the end of the 1780s. At this time, John Wesley risked his personal safety by preaching on the matter of slavery and condemning such practice in Bristol, which was then a trading port for slaves. During this sermon, there was uproar among the people, which Wesley described in supernatural terms as the way that Satan fights for his kingdom. This uproar, however, could have been caused by the slave-traders whose operations were just around the area where John Wesley was preaching (Brycchan Carey, 2002). Conclusion Until the end of his life, John Wesley fervently condemned and opposed slavery. The pamphlet he wrote about his Thoughts on Slavery was published once more before he died. His anti-slavery stance was carried on by the followers of the movement he founded—Methodism. As the Methodists continue to gain strength and following all throughout England, and later in the United States, Wesley’s thoughts on slavery became even more popular and added momentum to the move to abolish slavery. Reference Brycchan Carey (2002). John Wesley: Biography. Retrieved 17 Sept 2007 from http://www. brycchancarey. com/abolition/wesley. htm. Pollock, J. (1989). Wesley the Preacher. London: Lion.

Free Essays on Chad Whisnant

The Long Route Home: On July 25, 1946, two young black couples- Roger and Dorothy Malcom, George and Mae Murray Dorsey-were killed by a lynch mob at the Moore’s Ford Bridge over the Appalachee River connecting Walton and Oconee Counties (Brooks, 1). The four victims were tied up and shot hundreds of times in broad daylight by a mob of unmasked men; murder weapons included rifles, shotguns, pistols, and a machine gun. â€Å"Shooting a black person was like shooting a deer,† George Dorsey’s nephew, George Washington Dorsey said (Suggs C1). It has been over fifty years and this case is still unsolved by police investigators. It is known that there were atleast a dozen men involved in these killings. Included in the four that were known by name was Loy Harrison. Loy Harrison may not have been an obvious suspect to the investigators, but Harrison was the sole perpetrator in the unsolved Moore’s Ford Lynching case. The motive appeared to be hatred and the crime hurt the image of the state leaving the town in an outrage due to the injustice that left the victims in unmarked graves (Jordon,31). Many African Americans lived on farms and tended for white landowners. Bob Hester was a landowner, on this farm the Moore’s Ford Lynching began. On July 14, Roger Malcom followed Dorothy Malcom to Hester’s farm, Roger was arguing with her. According to the original FBI report, Hunter 2 Hester’s son, Barney, told Malcom to leave. As he was leaving a fight broke out between Malcom and Hester. Malcom then pulled out a knife and stabbed Hester in the chest. The reason for the argument is uncertain although at that time Barney Hester may have been having an affair with Dorothy Malcom. One of the neighbors said that the black community felt it had more to do with sex than anything else did (Suggs,C1). After the fight broke out, Barney Hester was taken to the hospital and Roger Malcom was taken to jail. On the morning before the lynching s, Harrison d... Free Essays on Chad Whisnant Free Essays on Chad Whisnant The Long Route Home: On July 25, 1946, two young black couples- Roger and Dorothy Malcom, George and Mae Murray Dorsey-were killed by a lynch mob at the Moore’s Ford Bridge over the Appalachee River connecting Walton and Oconee Counties (Brooks, 1). The four victims were tied up and shot hundreds of times in broad daylight by a mob of unmasked men; murder weapons included rifles, shotguns, pistols, and a machine gun. â€Å"Shooting a black person was like shooting a deer,† George Dorsey’s nephew, George Washington Dorsey said (Suggs C1). It has been over fifty years and this case is still unsolved by police investigators. It is known that there were atleast a dozen men involved in these killings. Included in the four that were known by name was Loy Harrison. Loy Harrison may not have been an obvious suspect to the investigators, but Harrison was the sole perpetrator in the unsolved Moore’s Ford Lynching case. The motive appeared to be hatred and the crime hurt the image of the state leaving the town in an outrage due to the injustice that left the victims in unmarked graves (Jordon,31). Many African Americans lived on farms and tended for white landowners. Bob Hester was a landowner, on this farm the Moore’s Ford Lynching began. On July 14, Roger Malcom followed Dorothy Malcom to Hester’s farm, Roger was arguing with her. According to the original FBI report, Hunter 2 Hester’s son, Barney, told Malcom to leave. As he was leaving a fight broke out between Malcom and Hester. Malcom then pulled out a knife and stabbed Hester in the chest. The reason for the argument is uncertain although at that time Barney Hester may have been having an affair with Dorothy Malcom. One of the neighbors said that the black community felt it had more to do with sex than anything else did (Suggs,C1). After the fight broke out, Barney Hester was taken to the hospital and Roger Malcom was taken to jail. On the morning before the lynching s, Harrison d...

How to Make Sulfuric Acid at Home

How to Make Sulfuric Acid at Home Sulfuric acid is a useful acid to have on hand for a variety of home chemistry projects. However, it is not easy to obtain. Fortunately, you can make it yourself. Homemade Sulfuric Acid Materials This method starts with diluted sulfuric acid, which you boil to make concentrated sulfuric acid. This is the safest and easiest method of making sulfuric acid at home. Car battery acidGlass containerOutdoor source of heat, like a grill Battery acid, which may be purchased at an automotive supply store, is approximately 35% sulfuric acid. In many cases, this will be strong enough for your activities, but if you need concentrated sulfuric acid, you just need to remove the water. The resulting acid will not be as pure as reagent-grade sulfuric acid. Safest Method If you arent in a hurry, you can concentrate sulfuric acid by allowing the water to evaporate naturally. This takes several days. Place an open container of sulfuric acid somewhere with good circulation, safe from the possibility of a spill.Loosely cover the container to minimize contamination with dust and other particulates.Wait. The water will evaporate out of the solution, eventually leaving you with concentrated sulfuric acid. Note that sulfuric acid is highly hygroscopic, so it will retain a certain amount of water. You would need to heat the liquid to drive off the remaining water. Quickest Method The fastest method to concentrate sulfuric acid is to boil the water out of the acid. This is fast but requires extreme care. Youll want to do this outdoors so you wont be exposed to acid fumes, using borosilicate glass (Pyrex or Kimax). There is always a risk of shattering a glass container no matter what you are heating, so you need to be prepared for that possibility. Do not leave this project unattended. Heat the battery acid in a borosilicate glass pan.When the liquid level stops dropping, you will have concentrated the acid as much as you can. At this point, the steam will be replaced by white vapor, too. Be careful to avoid inhaling the fumes.Allow the liquid to cool before transferring it to another container.Seal the container to prevent water from the air getting into the acid. If the container is left open too long, the sulfuric acid will become diluted. Safety Notes Its advisable to keep baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) or another base on hand. If you spill some acid, you can quickly neutralize it by reacting it with the baking soda. Simply sprinkle baking soda on the spill.Be careful to avoid contact with the sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is one of the strong acids. It is extremely corrosive and will react vigorously and unpleasantly with skin, mucous membranes, clothing and just about anything else it touches. Do not breathe the vapors, do not touch the acid, and do not spill it. Tie long hair back, wear goggles and gloves and cover exposed skin.Dont use metal pans or utensils. Sulfuric acid reacts with metal. Also, it will attack some types of plastic. Glass is a good choice.Sulfuric acid reacts with water in an exothermic reaction, but dilution with water is the best way to deal with an acid spill. Be sure to have copious amounts of water available, just in case something goes wrong. You can flood a small amount of acid with water. One the ac id is diluted, it can be neutralized with a weak base, such as baking soda, Caution: Sulfuric acid will splash when mixed with water. If you are going to work with this acid, know and respect its properties. Fast Facts: Making Sulfuric Acid Diluted sulfuric acid may be concentrated by boiling the liquid.Because fumes will be involved, its best to concentrate sulfuric acid outdoors or under a fume hood. Sulfuric Acid Projects and More Once you have sulfuric acid, its a good idea to learn more about it before using it, including the risks associated with using it and what projects you can do with it: How to Prepare Sulfuric Acid Solutions/DilutionsSulfuric Acid and Sugar DemoMixing Sulfuric Acid and WaterWhat Is Battery Acid? Notes About Battery Acid Battery acid is about 35% sulfuric acid. You can purchase it at an automotive supply store. It may not be on the shelf, so ask for it. Battery acid may be sold in five-gallon boxes, with the acid in a heavy-duty plastic bag and a plastic tube to dispense the liquid. The box is heavy; it would be disastrous to drop it. Therefore, its a good idea to know what to expect. Its practical to dispense a working volume of acid rather than try to deal with the entire container. Although the acid may come in a plastic container, its best to store this acid in a glass bottle. Sulfuric acid reacts with some types of plastic and may corrode a plastic container. The example mentioned used a glass wine bottle that had a plastic screw-top cap. Whatever container you use, be certain to label it as sulfuric acid and poison and store it somewhere that children and pets cant get to it. Also, dont store acid with ammonia because the two chemicals mix to release toxic fumes.

Marketing Strategies of financial firms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Strategies of financial firms - Essay Example My paper will be able to answer the questions of various problems and these will be William J. Stanton states that without the help of marketing technique, firms are unable to gain maximum profit as it is the key that provides awareness about your product and services. Marketing strategies actually involves different phenomena's that helps to promote the product and services in the market. Traditionally, the products are marketed and promoted, but with growth in time and technology, there arises a need to market the latest and advance services provided by the financial firms. The use of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in the financial firms develops latest financial services that need to use promotional and marketing strategies. According to Adam Smith, financial firms do not grow till 1980 but later in the year different firms in America and Canada realize that there is a need to change the services provided by these financial firms. At that time the concept of investment banking, advisory and commercial banks emerges only within the boundary of the United States of America and Canada. As the firm start introducing the ecommerce techniques in the financial firm's different financial cards, debit cards and credit cards, emerges. Moreover, due to diversification of different financial firm and the competition within them, there materialize the need of promotional campaign. Therefore, the need for the marketing strategies for financial firms come into view and now due to high competition firms are trying to promote their cheap but quality services through different marketing campaigns and programs. Marketing strategies for a financial firm focuses on the 4P's of marketing. These 4 P's are the price, promotion, place and product. The insurance companies require capturing the maximum consumer market with the help of price variable as they should introduce low price tag certificates to save the future of their customers. Promotion factor for the financial firms did not remain attach with the promotion through visual and audio Ads on television and radio rather firms are now require to promote their services through the use of internet and other Integrated marketing techniques. The reason for the use is to globalize their services. Africans from last 3 years are trying to invest their money in foreign banks

My Occupational Reseach on Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Occupational Reseach on Engineering - Essay Example The expected growth of manufacturing in the United States will positively impact the occupation. The demand for engineers will grow as new technology comes out into the marketplace. To become an engineer one must complete a bachelor’s degree in engineering from an accredited university. The three engineering specialties with the highest demand are civil, electronics, and mechanical engineering. The growth in civil engineering jobs is directly correlated to the growth in construction in the United States. In 2008 there were 1.6 million engineers working in the United States. The specialty with the most jobs was civil engineers with 278,400 jobs. Nearly 36% of the engineers working in the U.S. were employed in manufacturing settings, while 30% were employed in professional, scientific, and technical service industries (Bls). The job outlook for the profession in the near future is positive. Engineering jobs are growing at about the same rate as other professions. The state of the U.S. economy will determine the job growth opportunities for engineers in the near future. The median salary for engineers varies by specialty, but the lowest median salary in 200 8 was agriculture engineering at $68,730