Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art History - Essay Example This was followed by the High Renaissance to Early Modern Art period from 1400-1880; which included 1400 to the1500s – there was the Fifteenth-Century Italian Art; from 1495 to1527 - The High Renaissance; from 1520 to1600 – The Mannerism era; followed by The Renaissance in Northern Europe from 1325 to 1600, which had Baroque Art, The Rococo, Neo classicism / Romanticism, Realism and Impressionism. Lastly, this led to Modern art (1880- to the present time). Each period of Art reflects not only the growth in intellect but also the evolution of techniques which were honed to change the expression of art. The three types of art which will be discussed are Renaissance, as a whole from the 1200 to the 1600, which was the most exciting time for art. Romanticism marked another change in the art movement, where concepts and perceptions took a new turn. The third type of art is Impressionism, which began looking at things in a new light. Firstly, renaissance era is considered the renewal of interest in the lost arts of Greece and Rome. The birth place of the renaissance era is considered to be Italy. The art of the renaissance era shows the revival of the Romanesque and Gothic art forms. The Renaissance era is important because of the colossal change that occurred during this time, as it marks the start of an intellectual movement and the realization of a knowledge based change in perceptions. The changes in artistic perceptions were showed the drastic change in themes which occurred and the objective changed to an individual’s display of superiority. In the middle ages there was more focus on religious art forms, which was not really swayed from, but with this new breed of educated artists which were emerging were bringing about a change in artistic movement, setting new standards and reaching new heights. During this time, there was a change in the artists’ mentality and their own perceptions about themselves, where they adopted new styles w hich showed their own artistic individuality, particularly in sculptures which were made at that time. Because of the increase in trading in areas, and the new found wealth, the people had a very high standard of living at that time, because of which, the people aspired to acquire knowledge in different fields and it was described as a time of increased growth, as there were new ideas which were thought of and new applications being used. There was a great influx in the building of many educational institutions in the area. There was a class of scholars who had a variety of interests in science, philosophy and mathematics. Because of this newfound need for knowledge, there was a drastic change in the styles of art seen during that period. The use of mathematics, in order to improve the accuracy of figures being painted, was also seen for the first time in this era. What is ironic to know is that these practical mathematical techniques applied to art, were born during this period, wh ich today, we take and use for granted. The study of humanistic characteristics was also initiated in this era. With the discoveries being made while studying the human anatomy, again found its use of this knowledge, which was the new craze at that time, to improve the human figures which were painted to make them look as real as possible. Prior to the renaissance era, the art forms were not as life like or even close, with human forms being depicted with disproportionate use of lines. But this new era brought about for the first

The result of mixing calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid Essay Example for Free

The result of mixing calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid Essay I will set the apparatus out as shown above. To make it a fair experiment I will always add three marble chips and 10ml of acid to the test tube, for the first experiment. The clock will start with the test tube is secured with the bung. I will count how many bubbles come out in a minute. I will also check at certain intervals how far the bubbles of CO2 have reached in the burette (cm3). For the second experiment I will place 5 chips with roughly the same weight into separate test tube. The different test tubes will have a different acidic strength (molar). When The marble chips and the acids are added together I will time how long it will take for the bubbles to stop. Prediction: I predict that as the concentration of the acid decrease, from the selection I have chosen, the time of the reaction will increase, as the acid will consume the marble chips slower. There would also be fewer bubbles, coming out of the delivery tube, which is connected to the boiling tube. For the second experiment I predict that as the concentration of the acid increases the chips will be consumed quicker and the bubbles will disappear. Other experiments: Other ways in which I could have measured the rate of reaction was to use different weights of marble. For example I could have used only one marble chip or grinded a marble chip or I could have used 1-? amount of marble (as long a I had the resources). I could have measured how long it took the bubbles to fill up to reach 40, 30 20 etc. Results (1st): Concentration of acids (M) Bubble Count (1st) Bubble Count(2nd) CO3 (5 seconds)(1st)Â  24 13min, 11sec Graph: From the results I have retrieved I will make two graphs to explain the experiment. I will use two line graphs to do this. (Look at graph paper). Analysis: From the results I have found and the tables that I have drawn I can tell that as the concentration of the acid, in molars, increases there are more frequent appearances of bubbles and the burette fills up with CO3 quicker. For the second experiment I have found that there is a pattern as in the first table all the lines seem to curve in practically the same way. The graph allows me to measure the gradient accurately. From the table I can see that as the acid molecules were more stronger they worked quicker to consume the marble chips that had a quite a bit of surface area. From the results I found I believe that my prediction was correct. I said that as the acidic concentration increased the marble chips will be consumed quicker. From the two experiments that I did I believe that the rate of reaction experiment was more better than the other as it gave me more results. Conclusion: From all the experiment that I have done, on the rate of the reaction and how long it takes certain acids to consume marble chips, I have concluded that my experiment was successful in the sense that all the measurements gathered were accurate and that they showed the needed result to make the tables. I think that the acidic concentration effects the marble chips in the first experiment. And in the second experiment I think that acidic concentration also effects the marble chips in this experiment as well. Evaluation: From the results I have retrieved the quality of them depended on the accuracy of the instruments I used. These instruments included a burette to collect the CO3, a measuring cylinder to measure the liquids I was using and a clock to measure how long the experiment ran. The burette was only accurate to 1 millimetre so 1/10 of a centimetre. The measuring cylinder was only accurate to 1 millilitre. The clock was only accurate to 1 second so it was hard to interoperate where the pin exactly stopped, if it stopped in the middle of the second markers. The top pan balance was only accurate to 2 decimal places and 0. 00g. The acids were in molars and as the results were retrieved on different days the concentration may have varied in this period. The marble chips werent weighed in the first experiment so they may have given an inaccurate result. The accuracy of the reading I took were hard to see as it was difficult to determine, whether the marble chip had dissolved in the acid. The clock sometimes didnt start when the lever was moved upwards. Each reading that I took was repeated at least twice. From these two readings I made an average conclusion to plot the graph. The only abnormal and uncommon result that I spotted was in the second graph. It was the point where the 3(M) mark was plotted, it was not supposed to be there. The good points about my method were that they were repeated enough times to make an average and hence eliminated any chance of there being a mistake. The bad points about my method were that the marble chips were not always the same weight. The solution of the acid was not measurable so you have to make an estimate the concentration of the acid. As the results were taken on different days the temperature in the room may have varied through the duration of the experiments. I could have used a more effective clock to get better readings. I could have proceeded to use larger amounts or other concentrations of acids. Instead of the experiments that I did I could have done something different for example collecting the gas in a test tube and seeing whether or not it was flammable. Instead of having to repeatedly count the bubbles, which passed through the burette I could have used a laser to count the bubbles.

Faith, Belief and Healing Essay -- Research Essays Term Papers

Faith, Belief and Healing I became interested in researching faith healing as a means of understanding belief and the idea of the brain healing the body. I knew a little about Christian based faith healing: the evangelical preachers on T.V. who smack the heads of the skeptical, and then they fall backwards, unconscious, and are healed, but I wanted to learn more specific information about the general practice of faith healing. What are the different forms faith healing takes? What are the underlying beliefs of the proponents of this form of belief and healing? How are these people portrayed and delivered over the Internet? Is there anything substantive to the notion of faith healing? What I found was a mix of strange ideas, which I simultaneously believed and scoffed at, depending upon their contexts and the information used to back their claims up. To begin with, I learned about a type of faith healing performed in the Philippines called psychic surgery. It is an ancient practice that was used to relieve pain and promote healing. However, the context it finds itself in today is much more complex than that. To begin with, let me describe what might occur in a session, because it does not embody exactly what the name implies, although many believe it to. There is a lot of "laying of the hands, balancing of magnetic forces, and massaging with divinely sanctioned oils;" these are the pre-"surgery" activities that are performed while "awaiting spiritual guidance." (1) At the meeting of actor Andy Kaufman and a psychic surgeon, the actor was hoping to have his lung cancer removed. After the surgeon received "divine intervention," he appeared to have pulled out "the offending material" in the midst of a lot of blood. (1) Howeve... ...ershadow the truth: which is that belief cannot cure organic diseases existing independently from mind-control, however closely tied the mind and body are to each other. References 1)The Facts About Faith Healing, ever heard of psychic surgery? read this!!! some pretty weird stuff http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro02/web3/www.quackwatch.com01QuackeryRelatedTopics/faith.html 2)Natural Hygiene: Nobody Knows, Understands, or Practices it. Why?, kind of fanatical support of Natural Hygiene http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro02/web3/www.healself.org/alternative.html 3)Deborah Elizabeth Shepherd, interesting piece on a fundamentalist Christian family who lost their daughter due to their faith in God and desire to forego medical intervention until it was too late http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro02/web3/www.geocities.com/robbi01/

Operating Plan Essay

We will First Operate in major metro cities, starting with Bangalore, and then Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Goa, Pune, Kolkata, Gujarat etc. After Targeting to these cities, we will try to target the rural India which is almost 70 % of India. How will we promote? We will promote through ADVERTISEMENT in ONLINE FORUM, SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES, Locally famous Theatres, Souvenirs given to customers, App Stores, android market apps, PRINT MEDIA which is almost read by every other person commonly, like Hindu, Times of India, etc in Bangalore and also some local brands etc. What will be our sales promotion activity? People would be able to book a whole van for family get together, a birthday party with their movies, buffet lunch or dinner etc all made available in the bus, with some prior booking of minimum 7 days. Also if a school or college wants to show a educational review, or a documentary to their students, the team may take care, go to school and show help them with all things they needed with prior booking. We will be also issuing a pass which will be a three time annual pass in which you can see movie thrice a month with that pass redeeming every time you come. This will be mainly for our day today customers. The annual pass will also contain coupons for free popcorn, or some discount on meal and also some other value added services. How Will We Sell? Our main aim is to earn profit with creating a strong customer relationship. We will sell our Tickets through our own website, Bookmyshow.com. After some time in long term we will make our own apps in Iphone, android market, Ipad etc. The Timings will be pre decided, and a weeks timetable will also be decided, which will show not only new movies, but sometimes a educational film, and local language films of the city we operate in. Where will we park? We will park our cinevan in a short distance from our customers place. A max of 1 km far in any locality we decided. We will park somewhere where there is ample of space for vehicles to come and go. This will help in regulating the traffic. We will also take prior permissions for all our places, etc How will we get our caravan? We will import in the beginning and then we will try and improvise our team and add some designers who can design our caravan which will be more spacious etc. our current caravan will accommodate around 70 people at a time. How will Caravan be like? Caravan will be a bus which will have a same experience as if you are sitting In a multiplex. The Acoustics department will be taken care of and a finest of all will be used there.

Executions be replaced by life without parole Essay

In criminal law, life sentence or life without parole means putting to jail somebody for the rest of his/her life for the crimes committed whereas death sentence means executing those criminals who are found guilty of committing some very serious crimes like murder, attempted coup or raping. Myself I am not an advocate of capital sentence but I support life sentence. Life without parole is also known as determinate life sentence. It means being sentenced to life imprisonment without any possibility of being released in future. American government spends a lot of money by executing criminals than it spends in giving life sentence. For this reason and others I think executions in America should be replaced by life without parole. Execution in Texas is not something new. In 1980 there were two men who were alleged to have killed a clerk somewhere, both of them fired shots at the clerk but it is not clear who exactly killed the clerk though both of them admitted to have fired at the clerk. To the corridors of justice it did not matter whether it was one of them or both who killed so long as they agreed to have fired and killed the clerk. One of these men was called Mr. Nicholas he was twenty years old when he was arrested but was executed when he was forty five years old. In this case, I don’t think justice was done. This is a good example of many cases where justice is not allowed to take its course. The state should have tried to establish who between the two killed the clerk. In a case like this one a person who is innocent can be killed and he is not given a chance to argue his case. Therefore on this basis I condemn execution of prisoners instead, they should be given life sentence. This is the only practical thing and reasonable method whereby the offenders can be given time to reassess themselves. Again they continue living though they are not necessarily free. About half of the total criminals who are executed in America come from Texas. It has the highest number of executions in America. It contravenes one of the Ten Commandments that Moses was given by God In the past, capital sentence was highly valued but of late it is not. In fact many states in USA have abolished it. In the past decades the argument was that capital sentence deters crime, it was a religious conviction or what is called the Law of Moses an ‘eye for an eye’ or ‘tooth for a tooth’. It was also thought that the states were spending huge sums of money feeding, clothing and providing healthcare for murderers, rapists and other dangerous criminals. This seemed to be silly and outrageous but now the argument has changed. In fact the former supporters of capital sentence are now singing a different tune. Today, the argument is that USA is finding it very expensive to execute criminals than to jail them for life. Surely, this is something that any sensible person should see. All states should awake to the fact that USA is wasting a lot of money in executing criminals instead of using this money on development projects that can benefit all. For example in North Carolina (Gold R. 2002; 89) about two million dollars are spent on effecting execution. When you compare capital sentence and life sentence, a person sentenced for life only needs to be fed, clothed, treated and guarded. Therefore it is cheaper to life imprison than to execute. The reasons why capital sentence should be abolished are that, the death row convicts spend a lot of money trying to fight for their freedom. They must hire lawyers who charge them exorbitantly so that they could argue about their fate, the process of appealing has become more protracted. Like in the case mentioned above, the convict spent about 25 years in jail before his life was terminated. Justice delayed is justice denied. The state spent alot of money to keep him than it could have spent if he was jailed for life. The reason why the execution process is long is that an innocent person may sometimes be executed. Therefore a lot of time is taken to dig in for finer details that could prove beyond reasonable doubts that the person alleged to have committed the crime really did it. According to the governor of Maryland his country spent 22. 4 million US dollars to execute death penalties. This money could have been used to pay at least 500 extra policemen a year or provide drugs for treating 10,000 drug addicts. He said when this money is used on other projects that are useful apart from executing law breakers, it becomes an investment that save lives and reduce violent crimes (www. Amnestyusa. Org;/Abolish) Most of the methods used to carry out death penalties should be abolished for they contravene human rights. A person is subjected to a very nasty experience that even the executors could not like to imagine themselves in. For example in lethal injections, a person is subjected to excruciating pain. The poison is injected to the criminal. It contains pancoronium bromide for killing his nerves and potassium chloride which is used to stop the heart beat. Sometimes the dose injected might not be enough or not well mixed. In such a case the victim takes longer than it should to die. The prisoner dies in intense pain from asphyxiation. For example there was a case in Florida whereby the executor missed to inject the drug in a vein and put it in the muscle. The victim died after 34th minute. During this period the victim writhed, grimaced and groaned suggesting that he was in pain. Another instance that shows that capital sentence violates human rights is of Saddam Hussein; the former president of Iraq. He was executed on 30th December 2006 during his execution, when the platform dropped, Saddam’s neck was broken and it could be heard at a distance that indeed his neck was broken. His body was left suspended on the noose for a few minutes before it was confirmed by the doctor that he was dead. The actual pictures were posted on the internet are horrific. The crimes he committed could not be compensated by his life plus the amount of money that was spent since his search begun trial and execution. According to (Baicker K. 2001; 12-27) more than 100 billion US dollars were spent. All this money was spent just because of one person. His trial was complicated and protracted. The much that was spent on his trial was more than what could have been used to keep him alive for the rest of life or be used to take care of other prisoners. Another reason why I am an ardent supporter of life sentence over capital sentence is that the criminals who are executed are like any other citizens who contribute to the economic. They play vital role in the economy. Some of them are even businessmen, doctors, teachers etc. The part they played could not be played by another person. So when a person is executed, the nation at large goes at a loss. These people could be taken to prison hospitals, schools and other businesses to offer their services there until they die and these people are not paid so, it is like killing two birds with one stone. States should also know that most of these criminals who are executed, some of them are highly educated and have different professions. The state has used a lot of its resources in educating them. Thus instead of taking all this money to waste, it should take advantage of their education by reaping some benefits from it instead of incurring a double loss. That is by trying and executing somebody whom the state has invested its resources on. Governments should reconsider their decision on capital sentence by trying to look this issue from an economist stand point. While still on this topic, I think USA should look and analyze capital sentence from an economic perspective. For example when a criminal who is the sole breadwinner is executed, his/her family lands in a sea of troubles. A family that was capable of providing itself with food starts depending on the government to provide to it everything that it needs. This becomes a burden to the government because it has to increase its budgetary allocation on the orphans funds and other unfortunate members of the society. Currently, US government spends les on poor families. I think it is because of many reasons abolition of capital sentence included. I think if it could be used as in the past decades, this cost would amazingly go up In California (Maganini S. 1988; 750-902) death penalty spends 114 million US dollars which is more than what is spent on life sentence. In executions according to the 2005 Los Angeles times study, California tax payers part with more than 250 US million dollars to finance a single execution. This government spends 11. million dollars on appointed counsel for those convicts who are in the death row and 12 million US dollars are spent by the federal government on defending death row convicts who are presented to federal courts. In 2005 according to the governor of California (Los Angeles Times) he needed 230 million US dollars to construct a new death row. In Kansas it was estimated that in 2003, its government used 70% more than the cost of executing other non-death penal ties. With all facts and figures put on the table, I do not think there is any person who can still argue for the continuity of death penalty. It is costly, unfair and inconsequential.

The Good Bad And The Ugly 2 Essay

The Good Bad And The Ugly 2 Essay The Good Bad And The Ugly 2 Essay Julian Meza 11/25/14 Mr.Taliancich The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Imagine a world where everyone is entitled to their own concealed weapon with the exception of criminals, would there be total chaos or would there be order? "The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun." Said LaPierre, the executive vice president in the National Rifle Association, in a public speech following the elementary mass school shooting which took place in Newton, Connecticut. Due to this Generating discussions and fiery debates involving safety issues, gun control, the banning of assault weapons and sniper rifles. In this essay I will show you why everyone without criminal records should be entitled to carry concealed weapons. In doing so crime rates would dwindle. However, if one were so inclined to even mention a Bill of Rights reform needed to combat the gun control issue. The NRA, which are the most passionate and influential factor among the gun advocacy debates, chime in to deny such actions from taking place with arguments placing fault a mong the gun owners behind the trigger. Some steps have already been taken by certain states to restrict weapons such as sniper, assault rifles, and concealed carries in public that were available to the general public, along with the ban of unlicensed dealers selling unregistered weapons without federal background checks. For example, Democrat Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia teamed up with Senator Pat. Toomey to propose an amendment which enforced gun control keeping weapons off the hands of criminals by proposing background checks and mental evaluations at every gun show and online shop, such amendment however has been turned down due to the shortage of votes and support from the state. On another note, a major contributor to the problem according to gun control activists, are the gun shows where unlicensed vendors sell their products without federal consent. Granted that many are not in support of the second amendment from being exercised freely in public, there are certainly advantages to owning a concealed weapon. In a society where crime plagues just about every city, personal safety is a luxury often sought after with the purchase and carrying of a concealed pistol, pepper spray, and tasers. These weapons of choice are often carried without the criminal’s knowledge which helps prevent the crimes from ever taking place. People who want to carry concealed weapons should be required to partake in psychological screenings for safety measures before applying for a background check. Although prerequisite screenings for mental issues would be mandatory to weed out the mentally unstable from ever purchasing a gun, there are also other factors. Evidently, there are a number of disadvantages from allowing people to own a concealed weapon. Some would argue that carrying a weapon would only increase the crime statistic giving those who carry a weapon a chance at doing wrong when given the opportunity. Consequently, the second amendment which is included in the Bill of Rights in combination with the gun pro activists, prevent such bans and gun control to take place arguing that such bans infringes the second amendment and should not be allowed. The second amendment adopted in the month of December on the 15th of the year 1791 written by the nation’s founding fathers, states that â€Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.† (Wikipedia).Though most p eople would agree on the fact that the constitution states gun ownership is to be solely for militia uses and not individual ownership protesters suggest the amendment is in need of an update to keep with current times, yet no action has been taken by authorities or the public to do so. The incident that started all of this buzz happened on December the 12th the year 2013 in Newton, Connecticut when twenty year old Adam Lanza had

Economic Systems essays

Economic Systems essays In the world today there are primarily three types of economies and they are capitalism, socialism, and communism. The United States is an example of a capitalistic country, where Cuba is an example of a country adhering to Communism. These three economic types have scattered similarities as well as striking differences. Capitalism is a system of economics governed b the will of the people and the doctrine of free enterprise. Socialism is a system where the government owns the basic means of production and wages and also provides social services. Communism is the evolution of one class, common property holdings and holds no need for a working government. Capitalism and communism both emphasize the need for a fair and stable economy. However, with socialism and communism, the working class is most often sympathized with. Capitalism and socialism are similar because they are both looking out for the common interest of the people. The systems are also very different for example, Capitalism is an economic system where the government is confident in the decision-making skills of the individual where socialism relies on the government to override the economic decisions of the individual and provide control over the economy. Capitalism is encouraging of fair competition and the highs and lows of the free market and communism eliminates any competition and gives complete ownership to the government. Socialism places heavy emphasis on the necessity for government control of the economy whereas Marx envisioned a version of communism called for the evolution of one class system, common property, and no need for a government. In the power point presentation, capitalism is represented with a picture of George Washington, as well as skyscrapers this represents the US as a capitalistic country and industrialization is often linked to capitalism. The picture of people holding hands portrays that socialism aspires to achieve equ ...

BELL Surname Meaning and Family History

BELL Surname Meaning and Family History The Bell surname may derive from the French bel, meaning fair , beautiful, or handsome. Since the derivation is descriptive, common ancestry cannot be assumed for all those bearing the surname. The name was sometimes taken from the sign of an inn or shop. The sign of a bell was frequently used - John at the Bell became John Bell. There is no particular country or province of origin, though the name was fairly prevalent in medieval Scotland and England. Bell is the 67th most popular surname in the United States and the 36th most common surname in Scotland. Mitchell is also popular in England, coming in as the 58th most common surname. Surname Origin:   Scottish, English Alternate Surname Spellings:   BELLE, BEALE, BEAL, BEALS, BEALES, BALE, BEEL, BIEHL, BALE, BEALL Where is the BELL Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, Bell is a fairly common surname in a number of English-speaking countries, including the United States (ranked 64th), England (60th), Australia (46th), Scotland (43rd), New Zealand (46th) and Canada (77th). Within the British Isles, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, the Bell last name is most common in the northern areas, including Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the North of England. Famous People with the Last Name BELL Alexander Graham Bell - Scottish-born American inventor; known for his patent for the telephoneGertrude Bell - British writer, archaeologist and political officer best known for helping to establish modern Iraq after World War I.Cool Papa Bell - Hall of Fame baseball pitcher who played in the  Negro National LeagueJohn Bell - U.S. Senator from Tennessee who ran for U.S. President on the  Constitutional Union ticket in 1860Glen Bell - American entrepreneur who founded Taco Bell Genealogy Resources for the Surname BELL 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Bell  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Bell  family crest or coat of arms for the Bell surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. The Bell  Surname DNA ProjectIndividuals with the Bell  surname are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Bell family origins around the world. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. BELL  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Bell  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - BELL  GenealogyExplore over 4  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Bell  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. BELL  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Bell  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - BELL  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Bell. GeneaNet - Bell RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Bell  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Bell  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Bell  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Macromolecules and Enzymes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Macromolecules and Enzymes - Essay Example Effect of different physical parameters including temperature, enzyme concentration and pH was determined for the enzyme tyrosinase. Phenylthiourea, an inhibitor was also used to study its effect on the eznyme. Every living thing on earth is made of carbon, and each compound containing carbon is known as organic compound. Four kinds of major organic compounds are known carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds between the amino and the carboxyl group of the adjacent amino acids. The proteins can be classified according to their structure; the linear chain of amino acid is called the primary amino acid. In secondary structure there occurs a regular repeating structure that is stabilized by hydrogen bonds. In tertiary structure the stabilization occurs by salt bridges, disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds. Protein subunits combine together to form the quaternary structure. Enzymes are also an organic compound, basically a protein. â€Å"All enzymes are proteins, but all proteins are enzymes†. Enzymes are biocatalyst that speed up the rate of the reaction but do not take part in the reaction. Enzymes have active site, basically a group of amino acids that binds with the substrate, which further carry out the reaction to give a specific product. Enzymes are known for their specificity for substrates, although not all enzymes are specific. The rate of the reaction governed by enzymes is increased when the optimal conditions like temperature, pH, and substrates concentration are provided for the reaction. Two theories are known for the action of enzymes on substrates. 1. The lock and Key Mechanism and, 2) Induced fit theory. Enzymes are also inhibited by inhibitors, which can be substrate analog or any other compound that binds to the enzyme such a manner that the enzymes is unable to function. Inhibitors can be of two kinds, competitive, uncompetitive and non-competitive.

Occupation Wall Street Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Occupation Wall Street - Essay Example Occupy Wall Street took place in New York City, Wall Street. Wall Street is a financial district. The Possibility of the Group Being Classified as a Terrorist Organization, According To F.B.I.’s Definition By all means, there is no way OWS can be classified as a terrorist organization. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) defines a terrorist organization as an outfit that engages in the unlawful use of violence and force against people or property with the intention of coercing or intimidating a government, civilians or any part of these two, as a way of furthering political or social aims (Spiller, 2006). First, as already stated, OWS does not meet the definition of an organization, since it has no hierarchical structure that governs intra-organizational relations. All the deliberations on the specifics of the protests were being made via Facebook and Twitter, but not from clandestine centers. On the contrary, terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda have a clear chain of command and bases to operate from. Secondly, it is worth noting that OWS did not employ the use of violence as a way achieving its ends. Instead, it used peaceful protests as a way of addressing its concerns. While terrorism through violence has left many maimed, dead, pauperized and emotionally devastated, OWS did not antagonize anyone.

A+ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A+ - Essay Example Washington was an indefatigable actor who seemed to have lived the life of Boone himself, having the vitality of a Black man who was trying to fight for his rights and the rights of his fellowmen during the time of the busing system. Will Patton, on the other hand who played the role of Bill Yoast, the White American who coached along with Boone, was quite the opposite. His part seemed boring that if he were given longer parts in the movie, the story would have been a bore. Although he is a good actor himself, Patton’s soft voice and sometimes timid manners can make his parts monotonous. On a general note, the performance of the actor is worthy of an acclamation despite his serious role which probably influenced his mood in the movie. The Titans, the football team coached by the two aforementioned characters, portrayed different personalities, completing an exciting team of young people. Ryan Hurst who played the role of Gerry Bertier, the team’s captain played his role well, as he showed how the player bloomed from a self-centered, bigoted racist to a leader who valued his team’s attitude rather than race and status. His Black counterpart Wood Harris, who played the role of Julius Campbell, gave an equally highly rated performance. He had the same dynamic exuberance as Hurst that they shared together in bringing to life their respective roles. Both actors showed their emotions unrestrainedly, making their performances realistic and moving. The friendship that developed between the two characters was beautifully pictured through the emotions, conversations and naturally executed performances of the actors. Adding to the exciting and smooth flow of the story were the contributions of other actors who played the roles of other football players in the team. The different characterizations first of all, showed the many variations of characters, attitudes, beliefs and perspectives of people, which in real life; make living more beautiful,

Introduction to international relations class, summary related to Essay

Introduction to international relations class, summary related to course on Path to War - Essay Example However, Path to War did not only highlight the personal dilemmas that the president had to deal with during the Vietnam debacle. The movie also exposed the two lines of thought and the corresponding approaches in international relations during the time of the Cold War. In fact, many of the scenes of the debates that took place the Johnson administration’s cabinet meetings focus on these concerns. The ‘domino theory’ was a very influential concept among the politicians at that time. The U.S. government itself was its strongest believer. This theory is based on the analysis that if one country becomes communist, the neighboring countries would surely follow, just like the pieces of the domino. In Path to War, Johnson is portrayed to have firmly believed that once South Vietnam is reunited with the North, it would become communist too. Subsequently, the rest of the countries in Indochina and the entire Southeast Asia could all fall under communist regimes. With this theory in mind, the Johnson administration at the onset of the war were all one in arguing for the necessity of preventing the fall of South Vietnam to the hands of the local communist insurgents. To do so, it sent military advisers to the Southeast Asian country in order to train its armed forces.

Strategic Capability of Organization Assignment

Strategic Capability of Organization - Assignment Example The marketing strategy and orientation focus on innovation, strategic capabilities and competitive environment, general business environment of the company, and the political, environmental, economic, social and technological factors would be considered along with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the business environment. Sony is a leader in the global electronics industry and global market as its global presence is seen in all markets across different regions of the world. Sony has global competitors and different competitors for its wide ranging products from cameras to cell phones, computers to MP3 players. In case of mobile phones, Nokia would be its toughest competitor whereas for MP3 players, Apple would be its closest competitor, for computers and laptops, Toshiba and Compaq would be the other players in the market and Samsung also remains one of its major competitors in all other product areas. The research and development unit of Sony is studied here and the R&D unit of the company would relate to marketing and strategic needs of the organization and recommendations are provided on what changes should be made within the strategic management of the company so that maximum productivity and performance could be attained within the specific business environment (Bradbury and Kissel, 2006). SWOT Analysis - Competitive Advantages The strengths of Sony or its competitive advantages would be its brand name and strong brand presence (Kerckhove, 2002) and its extensive advertising and marketing strategy that highlights innovative products around the world in accordance with the needs of the global markets. Sony is focused on meeting the needs of consumers of all ages and cultures and especially focuses on meeting the needs of the youth by constantly upgrading its technology to meet the demands of the market and to keep up with a rapidly changing electronics market. The focus of the company is on innovation (Harryson, 1997), well developed and well equipped R&D facilities, talented product engineers and managers and the company's leadership and established position in a global market. Capability Gaps The weaknesses or capability gaps would be its flaws in its corporate strategy that may not always be culturally sensitive, very established competitors and continuous new product development initiatives by competitors can leave Sony behind, higher costs of Sony products may not be within reach of a large consumer base and fluctuating economies in certain countries where Sony has made its foray would be a major disadvantage. Opportunities for Sony will be entry into new markets and focusing on continuous and new innovative products and product development through R&D that can give it an edge over competitors (Arimura, 1999). The threats of the company would be its competitive environment and in product areas such as mobile phones, Nokia is its primary competitor, in computers and laptops, Toshiba and Compaq are close competitors, in MP3 music players, Apple seems to have a leading role in the market with its

Introduction to international relations class, summary related to Essay

Introduction to international relations class, summary related to course on Path to War - Essay Example However, Path to War did not only highlight the personal dilemmas that the president had to deal with during the Vietnam debacle. The movie also exposed the two lines of thought and the corresponding approaches in international relations during the time of the Cold War. In fact, many of the scenes of the debates that took place the Johnson administration’s cabinet meetings focus on these concerns. The ‘domino theory’ was a very influential concept among the politicians at that time. The U.S. government itself was its strongest believer. This theory is based on the analysis that if one country becomes communist, the neighboring countries would surely follow, just like the pieces of the domino. In Path to War, Johnson is portrayed to have firmly believed that once South Vietnam is reunited with the North, it would become communist too. Subsequently, the rest of the countries in Indochina and the entire Southeast Asia could all fall under communist regimes. With this theory in mind, the Johnson administration at the onset of the war were all one in arguing for the necessity of preventing the fall of South Vietnam to the hands of the local communist insurgents. To do so, it sent military advisers to the Southeast Asian country in order to train its armed forces.

Community Preparedness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Preparedness - Essay Example As the study outlines EMI is resourceful in terms of preparing the knowledge of a person with regards to disaster. In this respect, it teaches one on the preparedness strategies which are common in all disasters. It informs a person on various hazards and emergencies which may affect a community. One can learn of the various hazards that may strike the community. This also includes the risks that are associated with these hazards. EMI also has information of the modalities that should be followed as plans for warning and evacuation. Through this resource, a student can acquire adept knowledge on classification of various hazards. The natural hazards include hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, thunderstorms and lightning, winter storms and extreme cold, earthquakes and volcanoes, tsunamis, wild fires among others. The technological disasters that a community may encounter include nuclear power plants and hazardous materials. The terrorism associated disasters include explosions, chemical t hreats, biological threats and nuclear blasts. EMI also has information on how to obtain spatial distribution of these disasters. This is by employment of hazard maps. EMI also imparts knowledge pertaining to warning systems and signals that the community should employ in cases of disaster incidences. A student can learn on the various methods that can be employed in warning the community about potential disasters. EMI also offers information pertaining to the methods of community evacuation in cases of disaster. It gives evacuation guidelines that are imperative to a community. It has information on the transportation arrangements and escape routes and what to do when evacuating. Through EMI, one can learn of the importance of emergency plans for various institutions in preparedness for disasters. One can also learn of the various water conservation tips.  

Multicultural Issues in Counseling Essay Example for Free

Multicultural Issues in Counseling Essay In the field of counseling and psychology, it is always necessary that the counselor understands the predicament that the patient is facing. This is because, this patient is coming for assistance because he or she is not in a position to do his activities right. Therefore in this case it is necessary that the supervisee and in this case Ann has all the attributes that are needed as this is the only way that she will be able to help Donald. As Barratt, E. et al, (1997) in their research found out, it calls for a good rapport between the counselor and the patient for the patient to receive meaningful treatment or help. This is not the case here as Donald is always complaining that Ann is not giving him enough attention. In real sense, it is the broken rapport that exists between them that is the problem. In the content of my informal assessment of Ann’s multicultural counseling skills, I would clearly indicate that Ann lacks the basic and crucial skills that are necessary for a counselor to execute his or her duties. I understand that the main reason for this is the background where Ann has grown. She has grown up in an area where there are no mixed races. This developed in her limited socialization skills when dealing with people. This is her new interaction with a person from a different race and due to this; it becomes very difficult for her to deal with the patient. As Gladwell, (2007) argues, it calls for a counselor to have good communication and socialization skills so that he or she can be able to assist a patient. In addition, the counselor should understand that the patient is not in the right frame of mind. The counselor should not give the comments that the patient gives the same weight as the way he or she would if the person was in the right frame of mind. These are some of the basic attributes, which Ann lacks, and I would include this in my informal assessment report. According to Dinn, W. et al, (2000), gauging the level of awareness has its basis on how well one executes the duties assigned to him or her. In this case, Donald is complaining that he is lacks appropriate attention and therefore he is contemplating on stopping treatment. On the other hand, Ann is claiming that she has done all that she could so to help the patient. This is a clear sign that Ann is giving up. The patient is already hopeless and the doctor or the counselor can only revive his hope. If the counselor loses hope, it means that there is no chance of recovering. It is also a clear indication of lack of commitment and objective by the counselor. The level of Ann’s self- awareness is therefore very low. The reason is that she is not fully aware that she is the counselor and that the patient really needs her assistance. She seems to forget her role in the whole process, which is to help the patient recover. In addition, Ann is complaining that Donald is over-dependent on her. She fully understands that Donald is suffering from Schizophrenia and dependency is expected. This is a clear indication that Ann happen to have very limited knowledge of the appropriate treatment interventions. For instance, it would be absurd for a surgeon to complain that he or she is encountering a lot of blood when he or she fully knows that this will be inevitable. If we receive such a complaint, it is a clear indication that the person has no or limited knowledge of what he is doing and what he is supposed to do. This is the case happening with Ann. At the same time, Ann is complaining of not having a good communication with the patient because he has difficulty expressing himself in English. As she was born and raised in only one region, there are chances that she did not have good socialization and communication skills and probably the problem is not the English but the access which she is having difficulty understanding. In conclusion, in my informal assessment, I would clearly indicate that the problem here is not the patient but Ann. She seems to lack the basic attributes of a counselor. A good counselor should be dynamic in all the activities that he or she is doing. He should not use a universal platform to treat his or her patients. He should take each patient individually, understand him or her and adopt a proper method in treatment. This is something that Ann needs to improve on. She also needs exposure as she has very little experience in dealing with people. For instance, she has very limited if any knowledge and experience with the African-American culture and all this is attributed to the way she was raised. ? References Barratt, E. et al. (1997). Neuropsychological Cognitive Psychophysiological Substrates of Impulsive Aggression. Biological Psychiatry , 1045-60. Dinn, W. et al. (2000). Neurocognitive Function in Antisocial Personality Disorder. Psychiatry Research , 173-92. Gladwell, M. (2007). Blink: Power of Thinking Without Thinking . Irwin: Back Bay Books .

Rhetorical Textual Analysis of Attending to the Word

Rhetorical Textual Analysis of Attending to the Word Deidre Mahoney has been leaving pencil marks in books for years (398). She leaves comments and questions to material within the reading. Shell also mark important or meaningful words. It has helped her increase her awareness and be able to comprehend whatever she is reading at the time (398). She states the only way to read a book is to glide a pencil across the page (397). Why does this leave her classroom in a shock? As she teaches her students, she realizes there is something wrong with the school system because her students dont want to write inside their books (397). Students have been conditioned in elementary and high school to not write inside books that dont belong to them. Mahoney fears this restricts them from enhancing brain development and increasing awareness (400). In Deirdre Mahoneys article Attending to the Word, she argues her students cant comprehend intensive thinking while reading due to lack of pencil in hand to take notes (397). Throughout Mahoneys article, she uses a variety of rhetorical tools that support her argument. She uses a qualifier when she states why the students behave the way they do about writing in books (397). She understands the way theyve been conditioned and doesnt necessarily disapprove of their lack of penciling (399). It is a fact that students are told to not write in their books or textbooks during school. They have become accustomed to that rule. Once they realize that the rule doesnt apply, they dont know how to do something different. Writing in a book after not doing so for years is a big change, and many people dont handle change well. Mahoney uses the rhetorical tool of description throughout her entire article. She describes her worries, expectations, and the wishes she has for her students. In Mahoneys article, she uses first person point of view which helps her readers relate. Her article comes from personal experience; therefore, her audience will be more interested in reading. She writes in an easy-to-understand manner. She gets her point across and lets readers flow along with her as she talks. Mahoneys introduction is the strong suit of her article. It draws her audience in by using a general topic sentence. She doesnt give much detail right away, leaving her audience wanting more. Mahoney engages the opposing positions by ending her introduction with a question and then an answer to her question. The statement makes her oppositions want more information to argue against and to see why she believes the way she does. Mahoneys voice is seen in this article when she narrates her reasoning behind scribbling all over a books page (398). She voices personal experience and beliefs, which makes this article so empowering. She demonstrates the good, and little bad there is, throughout this piece. Within her voice, she uses contextual elements such as cultural context. She understands what students become accustomed to at a certain age (397). The major subtext she uses happens to be her voice. An opinion is strong because it is the only power a human truly has. Mahoney takes advantage of that throughout her article and persuades her audience to lean towards her side. Mahoney used many extra elements in her article. She used facts and appropriate language to operate through her article. Her facts, opinion, and language intensify her idea by drawing the attention she wants and then continuing to keep the reader engaged. Diedre Mahoneys context is shaped well because she clung to her topic throughout the entire article. Any ideas or points she brought in didnt stray away from the purpose of her writing. The context shapes the subtext in a way as well. The topic Mahoney chose to write about is a debatable, yet easy topic to understand. Putting together a subtext about such a topic comes easy. Mahoney seems to understand there are opposing opinions and she reacts to them well in her article. She is sure to see both sides and quickly come up with a response to anything one might say. Mahoney critically thought out her article and the elements she used within the piece. She could argue why students cant comprehend intensive thinking reading without a pencil in hand (398). She uses a strong voice, a strong topic, rhetorical tools, and writing elements to support her purpose and make her argument strong. Diedre Mahoney has successfully educated and informed her audience on the importance, or lack thereof, gracing a pencil along the page as it is read. Works Cited Mahoney, Dierdre. Attending to the Word. The Composition of Everyday Life. Ed. John Mauk and John Metz. Cengage Learning, 2016.

The Supremecy of faith the Supremecy of Reason :: essays research papers fc

The Supremacy of Faith, The Supremacy of Reason The history of science has long been in conflict with religion or  ¡Ã‚ §organized ignorance ¡Ã‚ ¨ as Dr. David Starr Jordan called in his book Science and Sciosophy. In this conflict history would reveal that science always prevailed. At times this victory was won at the cost and/or suffering of the individual who earth the nerve to present their finding to the world as court. Obstructions have been raised by men who thought the little they knew of the works and ways of the Creator was all that there was to be known. However, this insensitive response to the essential Christian Concepts provides inadequate recognition of the fact that Science and Religion may work to the same end but take different routes. My holistic view of the issue of science and religion has changed over the past 6 weeks. I realize that there is a certain harmonization of science and religion that gives humanity the abundant life engineered by Jesus Christ in the Gospel. This blending of my ethnocentric reli gious beliefs and the reasoning of empirical thought allowed a reinventing of viewpoint allowing my position to be transformed into something new. Which I believe would be an objective to this disciplined study. The selection of this book Science and Religion Opposing viewpoints allows the reader to take a glance at this conflict from five areas. Great Historical Debates on Science and Religion, Are Science and Religion Compatible, How did the Universe Originate, How did Life Originate and Should Ethical Values Limit Scientific Research? For the sake of brevity we will cumber you with a skeletal version of the text. The author is very clever in presenting information to provide a deeper understanding of the material and come away with an appreciation of the complex nature of the issues debated. The author was careful to mention Pitfalls to Avoid: „h Regarding one ¡Ã‚ ¦s own opinion as being common sense and the most rational stance and the viewpoint of others as being only opinion and naturally wrong. „h To close one ¡Ã‚ ¦s mind to the opinion of others they disagree with. Seek to understand rather than to be understood. The author emphasizes the following typology to develop basic reading and thinking skills: „h Evaluating Sources of Information „h Separating Fact From Opinion „h Identifying Stereotypes „h Recognizing Ethnocentrism Lastly, the author presents a recognized opinion or theory and allows the prevailing points of view to speak plainly and passionately on the subject. The Supremecy of faith the Supremecy of Reason :: essays research papers fc The Supremacy of Faith, The Supremacy of Reason The history of science has long been in conflict with religion or  ¡Ã‚ §organized ignorance ¡Ã‚ ¨ as Dr. David Starr Jordan called in his book Science and Sciosophy. In this conflict history would reveal that science always prevailed. At times this victory was won at the cost and/or suffering of the individual who earth the nerve to present their finding to the world as court. Obstructions have been raised by men who thought the little they knew of the works and ways of the Creator was all that there was to be known. However, this insensitive response to the essential Christian Concepts provides inadequate recognition of the fact that Science and Religion may work to the same end but take different routes. My holistic view of the issue of science and religion has changed over the past 6 weeks. I realize that there is a certain harmonization of science and religion that gives humanity the abundant life engineered by Jesus Christ in the Gospel. This blending of my ethnocentric reli gious beliefs and the reasoning of empirical thought allowed a reinventing of viewpoint allowing my position to be transformed into something new. Which I believe would be an objective to this disciplined study. The selection of this book Science and Religion Opposing viewpoints allows the reader to take a glance at this conflict from five areas. Great Historical Debates on Science and Religion, Are Science and Religion Compatible, How did the Universe Originate, How did Life Originate and Should Ethical Values Limit Scientific Research? For the sake of brevity we will cumber you with a skeletal version of the text. The author is very clever in presenting information to provide a deeper understanding of the material and come away with an appreciation of the complex nature of the issues debated. The author was careful to mention Pitfalls to Avoid: „h Regarding one ¡Ã‚ ¦s own opinion as being common sense and the most rational stance and the viewpoint of others as being only opinion and naturally wrong. „h To close one ¡Ã‚ ¦s mind to the opinion of others they disagree with. Seek to understand rather than to be understood. The author emphasizes the following typology to develop basic reading and thinking skills: „h Evaluating Sources of Information „h Separating Fact From Opinion „h Identifying Stereotypes „h Recognizing Ethnocentrism Lastly, the author presents a recognized opinion or theory and allows the prevailing points of view to speak plainly and passionately on the subject.

Fathers and Sons Essay

   Finally the Monster’s ability to transport himself globally from one setting to another, in spite of his obvious physical appearance and limitations is something which the author leaves essentially unexplored. As a consequence the reader is reminded that this is fiction. However, the themes of Frankenstein – prejudice, knowledge, ambition, injustice and parental responsibility – are familiar and serve to deflect the reader from the fictionality of the novel. Society’s inability to see the true reality beneath the appearance is a central theme. The Monster is not judged by his actions, such as saving the drowning girl but instead by his grotesque and frightening appearance. The perception of the humans to whom he comes into contact is distorted, and barring the blind, old man De Lacy who judges him by his sentiments, they attack rather than accept him. Society’s prejudice against that which is different (physical, religious, cultural diversity) is a theme to which readers can relate. Attainment of knowledge is another key theme to which the reader can associate. Walton, Victor and the Monster all begin their stories by communicating a desire to explain the world around them, although each has a different focus. Walton and Victor’s thirst for knowledge is arrogant and ambitious with disastrous consequences. The Monster’s by comparison is simple and pure and driven by necessity. Through the De Lacy’s he learns about love, happiness and kindness and how to ‘unravel the mystery’ of language (Frankenstein, page 89). Through this theme Shelley draws us in to accept that misguided knowledge is more tragic than no knowledge at all. If we consider modern scientific developments (IVF and human cloning), the ethical implications as identified in Frankenstein, are just as relevant today. The disregard for basic human rights and decency is a theme that emerges throughout the novel. Justice, parental responsibility, oppression, the right to education and companionship are all addressed by Shelley. The injustice of Justine’s execution; the rejection of children by their parents (Justine, Safie and the Monster); the Monster’s desire for love and affection, are all emotive issues to which the reader can connect. As a consequence of the author’s use of recognisable themes we are drawn in and find ourselves accepting the implausible context in which they are set. Shelley’s characters lend themselves to the romantic and gothic genres. Their characterisation is stereotyped, two-dimensional and largely undeveloped. These characters serve not deflect us from their fictionality but compliment instead the emotional, tragic and fatalistic tone of the novel. Justine, Elizabeth, Safie and Agatha are reflections of the virtuous woman, biologically immaculate as they have not been tainted by sexual experiences or motherhood. The Monster by contrast is not a fully formed individual but a debasement of the human form. Shelley incorporates other characters not for the purpose of realism but to perform a functional role within the novel. The most significant of these characters is William. He is an undeveloped character and yet his death serves many literary meanings. His characterisation moves the plot forward (his death creates the opportunity for Victor to return to Geneva); helps to develop themes (prejudice, political and revenge) and enables us to understand more about the major characters. Walton is arguably set apart from the other characters within the novel, as having the ability once faced with a wretched image of his future self, to emerge as the ‘single wiser individual’ (The Realist Novel, page 80). However, the duplication and doubling of the male characters within Frankenstein – Victor and Walton (through their ambition and thirst for knowledge) and Victor and the Monster (through shadowing of God & Man/Satan, Paradise Lost) – leads the reader to conclude that in spite of their marked differences, their fate will be the same, ‘ultimately, failure and death’ (The Realist Novel, page 80). By the end of the novel Victor and presumably the Monster are dead, whilst Walton although returning to England has in all likelihood not abandoned his hope of ‘utility and glory’ (Frankenstein, page 184). Frankenstein like the Monster is a hybrid (mixture of genres). In spite of Shelley’s use of realist conventions to depict real life issues, Frankenstein is undoubtedly an offshoot of Romanticism, the gothic novel. The expression of the imagination through incredible events, mysterious settings and satanic imagery are all features of this genre. I would argue therefore that although Frankenstein does not sufficiently draw us in to prevent us from thinking â€Å"this is fiction†, this was ultimately not the author’s aim. Shelley instead was intent on creating a sensationalist horror, a science-fiction that would enable the reader to explore the sub-conscious and the principles at the heart of human nature. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Shelley. M, Frankenstein 1818 text (1998) Oxford University Press (World Classics). Walder. D (ed. ), The Realist Novel (2005) The Open University. Approaching Prose Fiction, (2002) The Open University. ? X0499126 Steve Lenaghan 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Evaluation of story board “Unrelated incidents” Essay

My video is intended to portray unrelated incidents in a way which my gcse audience would understand it is also designed to increase the dramatic impact of the poem and there for increase the pupils understanding of the poem. i started the video with the image of big Ben at six o’clock, this is the image used to start the BBC news so I felt that it was an appropriate image to start this poem as it is about the news and how its read. The reason I choose a man with a posh Standard English voice to do the narration for this section is that this is stereotypically the kind of voice used to introduce the BBC news. Also the image and the voice create a image of typical English news which would increase the impact of the next section on the audience. The introduction of the Glaswegian man is the most effective and best way of presenting the poem as written to an audience through a video. The image of the man standing in a field with mountains and a lake in the background, rolling a cigarette is a dramatic contrast to the image from the first section of typical ‘Englishness’. The man is meant to represent the average everyday man from Glasgow, as the poem appears to be a look at that person’s perspective on the news, and the English attitude towards him. The sky would be moving with the storm clouds gathering to show the mans anger at the way his treating gathering and increasing. This section is meant to show the mans disgust at the attitude of the ‘scruff’ towards him because of his accent so he would be being sarcastic with these comments. The sky moving would again show the mans anger rising. The image in this section contrast sharply with the next image this should semi-shock the audience increasing the impact. Through out the video I am trying to create a feeling of contrast this is to show how sharply the image of the Glaswegian contrasts with the image of the man with the BBC accent. This scene is showing how the man is different and is rebelling against the constraints of society (a image which members of my teenage audience would agree with there for increasing the impact.) The people in the suits represent the ‘BBC accent’ and the mans clear dislike of them and opposition to them(shown by his violent walk against the flow.) The people in the suits are also meant to be shown as the ‘scruff’ which the man despises. The way the ‘scruff’s’ ignore the man shows how they don’t think he’s important enough to worry about. This leads on to the next scene. This is designed to show how the truth is ignored if its spoken by the Glaswegian despite people knowing its true, the man in the suits attitude is showing again how the Glaswegian is ignored because of the way he looks and speaks. The man in the suit shows how society doesn’t care about the man because he’s not part of the ‘scruff’. The man is narrating with the clip of Trevor Mcdonald talking to demonstrate one of the ‘scruffs’ talking. This image also brings the subject of the video back to the news which is of course the basis of the poem. This scene is then followed by a similar scene, which shows the image of the Glaswegian as one of the ‘scuffs’ talking. This section is shown in the newsroom to show how despite being different what the man says is the truth. This section of the poem is about how the man is one of the ‘scruffs’. The image of the television is used so that the violent action of the TV being smashed is shocking and contrasting. The reason I have put the man from the bench standing with the hammer and speaking with a strong accent is to put across the message that sometimes people are not what you expect them to be. Also this image is a clear ending with camera fading to black. The entire video is designed to portray the anger, bitterness and contempt the Glasswegian man has towards the â€Å"scruffs†. It is supposed to show this in a interesting and different way, I think that the dramatic changes in camera shot and scenery would help to keep the interest of the audience. The reason I have chose to include ‘Rage against the machine’ song â€Å"break stuff† is because the lyrics of this song as well as being well known are also very appropriate for this poem. Lyrics like â€Å"its just the rage built up in side of me, fist in the air in the land of hypocrisy† would help to portray the poems message also the song would help hold the audiences attention. The reason I chose not to include it during the last section is that it would distract slightly from the narrators words also the last section is very important if students are to understand the poems message. I did not feel the need to portray every image in the poem visually as I felt many were self explanatory using just aural techniques. Also I felt that it would increase the audiences interest if they had to actually search for the meaning and reasoning behind some of my scene choices.

Article Analysis Essay

This article gives us an insight on whether how a society in a specific country especially like of China can have a say on what their government is doing especially on projects that in return might have an effect on their lives, and also giving added revenue to their government and at the same time protecting the lives of their citizens. Even the social activist like Xue ye of the Beijing – based Friends of Nature had stated that â€Å"We are weak, but we have a chance.† He already knew that it would be hard for them to convince the villagers around the place where there is a project or a construction that has to be created by the government. There may be some factors, which may take effect if the projects will continue. That is why it must be thoroughly evaluated first by all sectors before they allow it to pursue. They must not think on the benefits alone upon the relocation but through a lifetime perspective too. It is not only their future but also for the future generation of their country. The whole article is a depiction of social construction regarding the issue of trade and industry. There are different evidences and justifications that the author has redeemed. He also stated his own opinion and ideologies regarding the issue, which somehow important to the whole article because it will state the stand of the author in representation of the society based on the evidences that were found and researched. From all of this, the whole article shows the facts and data exist within the situation will state its own ideologies and perceptions of the social realization. It means that the author has its own depiction of truth and accuracy of facts and data that he has stated whether it is for or against the authorities of the society. Reference (Author). (Date). Power to the People. (Publisher)

Business law report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business law report - Essay Example However, formation or the validation of any contract gets hindered from the aspect of misrepresentation, duress and undue influence. This will be described in detail in first section of the report. The later section of the report will deal with analysing the aspect of corporate veil and separate legal entity or personality. Observably, the concept of separate legal entity enables a corporate to be seen as a different individual completely detached from an individual or owner of the same. On the other hand, corporate veil, which is developed in accordance with the concept of separate legal entity, enables or protects the shareholders of a business from having direct liability of debts or taxes of the corporate unit, rather the respective organisation will be entirely responsible for the same. The second section of the paper will mainly highlight the circumstances on the basis of which corporate veil and separate legal entity will be removed by the courts. A) The Impact of Misrepresent ation, Mistake, Duress and Undue Influence on the Validity of a Contract Misinterpretation or Mistake in Contract Misrepresentation is basically regarded as a false declaration made by one party to the other with regard to enter into a particular contract. It is often considered as the aspect of misunderstanding regarding any particular scenario. However, in legal terms, misrepresentation is quite a different concept and it impose certain considerable impacts altogether. In law, misrepresentation is also regarded as a fraud wherein certain legal punitive measures are applicable. This can be viewed as in the case of [Avon Insurance plc. v. Swire Fraser Ltd. (2000)]. Contextually, the impact of misinterpretation on contract will be vital to consider. Misrepresentation can be of several types comprising unwarranted statements, breach of duty and mistake regarding subject matter among others. In unwarranted statements, one person positively declares another that a particular aspect or i nformation is true in nature in-spite of the presence of any evidence. This type of misrepresentation can be seen in the case of [Sheffied nickel co Vs UNVIN 1867 LR 2 HL 149] (Johnston & Zimmermann, n.d.). A breach of duty can also be considered as misrepresentation in the court of law. A person who is involved in breach of duty by misleading the other person for his own advantage will fall under the regulation of misrepresentation. Additionally, mistake with regard to the subject matter of any particular agreement is also considered as one sort of misrepresentation. It is believed that the subject matter for any particular agreement between two parties is the value or the quality that needs to be maintained (vBulletin Solutions, 2013). However, if one of the parties is involved in a specific agreement, execute any mistake with regard to the quality to be maintained, misrepresentation will be deemed to take place. Impact of Misrepresentation or Mistake on the Validity

Equal Rights vs. Economic Restructuring Assignment

Equal Rights vs. Economic Restructuring - Assignment Example I particularly agree with Kollontai’s assertion that until economic inequalities are changed, nothing will really change and no, granting women the rights of suffrage, property ownership, wage ownership, and legal citizenship has not totally eliminated inequality. The assertion of Kollontai and Goldman are valid and in fact already practiced today and connected in a manner that childcare support from the state allows greater economic independence for women because it gives them the freedom to pursue their careers. This is however simplistic because childcare support and economic freedom does not automatically end inequality and discrimination against women. To eliminate inequality, the sense of justice should be present in all dimensions of society from the home, workplace to society at large. For example, to end inequality, husband and wife should treat each other as equals and therefore will take parenting and marriage as shared responsibility. It meant that the wife will not have to cook and serve the husband after work and it can be done by either party who has the time and energy to do it. In the workplace, it meant ending discrimination in all its forms from unequal wages to unjust treatment of pregnant women. This should also transcend to society at large where women should be seen not just as wives and housekeepers but an important part of societal

The MSc Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The MSc Education - Essay Example This course is therefore ideal for providing me with an excellent academic background necessary for facilitating my career path. The opportunity to explore the changing education systems and developments within the context of globalization, as well as the prospect of reshaping conceptual and methodological frameworks that run parallel to economic, social and educational policy changes, excites me. I would, therefore, like to further investigate the comparative education field and the interplay between the global and local spheres. My undergraduate degree together with the experiences teaching young learners English as a foreign language as a part-time voluntary appointment at university and Multicultural English summer schools; as full-time employment during the summer breaks (2004-2009), significanlty contributed to my resolve with respect to Education related goals. From my own observations during the process of language teaching, I was able to understand the impact of socio-cultural and socio-economic forces on learning and receptivity. I was able to discern that various factors such as age, influence, personal motivations, and the overall learning environment, including social and intercultural settings, contributed the classroom dynamics. I found a new appreciation for the essential role of a teacher in facilitating the development of linguistic skills and effective communication within ethnically and culturally diverse contexts. In coming to this realization, I altered my approach to teaching during the course of my English Language teaching in summer school programmes to accommodate diversity. My educational and hands-on experience is a manifestation of that fact that the internationalization of curriculum content forms my core interests within international education disciplines.  

Financial Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Plan - Case Study Example The following three partners and their responsibilities are - CEO - Miss Josefa Calfoforo; responsibility includes: Managing customer database Contacting and dealing with client Financial aspect of the business, such as: budgets, profit & loss statement etc. Finalizes fix cost Co-operate with Chief Sales Executive and Chief Designer Chief Sales Executive - Miss Elizabeth Carter; responsibility includes: Generating sales through marketing and sales campaign In charge of orders Public Relation Chief Designer - Miss Yu-Een Eav; responsibility includes: Programming website Designing of diaries Source materials from suppliers Manufacturer Updating technology Also, two employees are to be inducted for the day to day operations of the business in the first year. Performance Monitoring of Plan edesignerdiary will measure performance by looking at number of units (diary) sold in a month. edesignerdiary will measure the satisfaction of the e-commerce business operation by conducting online surveys after each purchase. edesignerdiary will measure quality of diary against competitors every 6months. Critical Success factors Offer a clear description of the goods on offer Provide a total price for the goods (including any taxes payable and freight cost) Have a refund and return policy Clearly explain how privacy issues will be handled Customers acceptance of privacy issues Have reliability, trust or privacy seals Have clear delivery dates Customers who make a purchase from another electronic site or mail house do so without physically, seeing or touching the product they are buying. Therefore customers will be more likely to purchase items from electronic retailers who adopt these critical success factors as a minimum. Time required for raising...A total of $30,000 is personal investment. According to the Rate if Return on Owners Investment Ratio each partner will individually receive 3.59% return in 2006, 2.44% return in 2007 and 8.64% in 2008. Finance options which the partners have already decided to adopt is the government grant for small business and the Export Market Development Grant. Combined the business will be able to receive finances of up to $15,000 Customers who make a purchase from another electronic site or mail house do so without physically, seeing or touching the product they are buying. Therefore customers will be more likely to purchase items from electronic retailers who adopt these critical success factors as a minimum. Establishing and operating edesignerdiary is a great personal and financial investment however, accidents and problems do arise; these can be minimized by taking out insurance. The business has decided to get insurance through Allianz as they are able to tailor the insurance policy to meet business requirements. edesignerdiary differentiates its custom diary making through strategic edge such as gathering information from the individual to compose a custom made diary that contains special features selected by the individual. Hence it is a hand made diary that is of high quality produced in Melbourne - Australia. Edesignerdiary will win by having a unique

Creating a Plan for Positive Influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Creating a Plan for Positive Influence - Essay Example The researcher states that to complete a one – year project, the team should plan systematically and strategically how to finish the assigned task. The members of the team must exert satisfactory effort to the project as they work as a team. However, in a group, the individual members tend to contribute less effort in a project. Given this, the focus of this essay shall mainly delve at creating a plan for positive influence that would increase the motivation, satisfaction, and performance among individual members of the team. In doing so, specifically, this essay aims at answering three points. First, it aims to identify the specific differences in attitudes, emotions, personalities, and values among the individual members of the team. Second, it targets to address how such identified differences influence behavior. Last, it intends to create a plan that would address such differences to influence positively the whole team. This plan created in the essay is of significance to the entire team because it can assist in effectively managing the team through identifying and addressing the particular differences. This will aid to build a high – performance project centered on the team’s motivation and productivity. Hierarchy and differences in role exist for the purpose of attaining a shared goal. Likewise, it is important for each member to realize his or her significance to the team. Teamwork is an important key for influencing positively the members of the team to perform their best.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer Essay Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer are the best of friends with remarkably different personalities. Each brings their unique characteristics into this comical friendship giving the novel numerous amusing passages. Throughout the tale, Tom is often the leader while Huck is the reluctant follower. It doesnt matter that Toms ideas are ridiculous and extravagant, and Hucks are simple and practical, together they always proceed with Toms imaginative plans. In contrast to Toms great imagination and creativity, Huck is humorless and literal minded. Toms imaginativeness comes only from knowledge he has gained through books. Huck, on the other hand, actually lives out the fantasies Tom can only imagine. Tom Sawyer, already civilized, follows the values and beliefs of society. Due to these convictions, Tom always abides by the laws. For these reasons, Tom would never have helped free Jim unless he knew that Jim had already been freed. Conversely, Huck Finn rejects the philosophy of political beliefs for the fear of becoming civilized. He usually runs away at the first notion of him becoming sivilized. Huck is able to function in any society with the help of his adaptability and survival skills. He is able to go from the freedom of the raft, to the perceived harshness of civilization, and back again with ease. Although Tom has been able to slip past Deaths grip so far, his chances of escaping may not always work out to his liking. Of the two, Huck will always be the survivor in life. Together this pair achieves their goals because of their intelligence and witty personalities. They have the ability to put the knowledge they obtain into their every day lives. They are two adventurous souls in search of fresh and exhilarating escapades. Their ages united with their exceptional education keeps them on their toes. Hucks humorless personality and Toms extravagance has made The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, a popular adventure for all ages. The American people have forever enjoyed this novel and have made it the American literary classic that it is today. So there aint nothing more to write about an we is rottin glad of it, because if wed a knowed what a trouble it was to make this essay, and, we wouldnt a tackled it, and aint a-going to no more. -Mark Twain pg. 283

Effectiveness of Exogenous Melatonin in Insomnia

Effectiveness of Exogenous Melatonin in Insomnia WOO YUN KIN CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Research Background Sleep is not always a luxury. Insomnia is defined as a sleep disorder in which there is an inability to fall asleep or stay asleep as long as desired (Roth T. 2007). It is estimated that up to 34% of adults in the United States and 37% in Europe have some forms of insomnia (Leger D. 2005). Insomnia can be classified to mild, moderate and severe according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorder (ICSD). Melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) is a lipid soluble hormone secreted by the pineal gland during hours of darkness. Melatonin has several physiological functions including regulation of the circadian rhythms, modulation of seasonal change and a powerful antioxidant (Gitto et al. 2013). With age, it has been shown that the 24hour melatonin secretion is significantly reduced thus affecting the normal circadian cycle (Iguchi et al. 1982). At present, insomnia is typically treated symptomatically, often with benzodiazepine or antidepressants. However chronic insomnia requires long term treatment which may cause significant side effects and unwanted drug-drug interaction. Approximately 29-61% of older adults with insomnia complaints have preexisting sleep apnea (Krakow et al. 2001). With the combination of insomnia and sleep apnea, sedative-hypnotic treatments may worsen the sleep apnea (Mendelson et al. 1981). Exogenous melatonin is a chronobiotic drug with some hypnotic properties (Zhdanova et al. 1997), it has become of the most frequently non-prescribed sleep aid due to its role in regulating and promoting sleep (Wagner et al. 1998). some studies have shown that supplemental melatonin can increase sleep propensity, although it may not be as effective as prescribed sleep medication (Zhdanova I. 2005). Problem Statement Sleep adequacy includes, quality, timing and also duration. It has been estimated that the direct health cost of sleep disorder amounts to $1144 million Australian dollars in 2001 (NHS Aus. 2001), and 7.6% of the total motor vehicle accidents(MVA) in 2004 are indirectly caused by sleep disorders amounting to $808million net health costs. Studies have been done to show the benefits of exogenous melatonin for sleep disorders on individuals with intellectual disabilities and adolescence however very little has been done to show its effectiveness on the general population. Malaysia, has one of the highest rate of MVA in the world where according to Malaysian Institute of Road Safety (MIROS), from 1997 to 2007, there has been an increase of 59% of MVA and the main reason identified was driving fatigue due to awkward working hours/shift works (Kee et al. 2010). Availability of exogenous in Malaysia is scarce and it is not fully understood. Research Question How effective is exogenous melatonin in treating insomnia in general population? How safe is exogenous melatonin? Research Objective To review efficacy of exogenous melatonin in treating insomnia To access the safety of exogenous melatonin Significance of Research Data from available clinical trials and studies done on the efficacy of exogenous melatonin in insomnia will be compiled and compared to enable a more comprehensive and easily accessible result database. With the comprehensive database, clinicians will have a better understanding on the efficacy of MSCs and the best treatment option for the patient, thus improving patients quality of life. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INSOMNIA Insomnia is often defined by the presence of an individual’s report of difficulty with sleep (Roth T 2007). The criteria often used in diagnosing insomnia includes i)difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or nonrestorative sleep, ii) this opportunity is present despite adequate opportunity and circumstance to sleep, iii) this impairment in sleep is associated with daytime impairment or distress and iv) this sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 times per week and has been a problem for the past 1 month (Roth T 2007). The pathophysiology of insomnia can be due to the disorder of the hyper-arousal state throughout the whole day which causes alertness during the day and difficulty in falling or maintaining sleep (Stepanski E, 1988). A cross sectional study done on 156 US air force personal found that 40% suffered from sleep disorder and 75% reported diminished sleep quality while deployed overseas (Peterson AL, 2008). A study done in 2013 (Lentino et al, 2013) showed that 25% of the 14148 army and national guard personal reported to be poor sleepers thus affecting the quality of sleep and the quality of service. 2.2 CURRENT TREATMENT FOR INSOMNIA Currently the medications used for treating insomnias and other sleep disorders includes benzodiazepine receptor agonist (eg. Zolpidem, zipoclone) which are only limited to short term use (4 weeks) (Sanofi Aventis, 2007). The medication large affects the brain through the GABA receptors and long term use has been associated with memory and balance impairment, rebound imsomnia, withdrawal symptoms and abuse potential (Rush CR, 1999). Recent short termed studies have shown that discontinuation of the benzodiazepines lead to disruption of the sleep architecture and also increases sleep latency which makes withdrawing from treatment difficult (Mann K, 1996). 2.3 MELATONIN Melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) is a lipid soluble hormone that is shown to be involved with the sleep physiology (Dijk D-J, 1997).it is also regulates the modulation of season change, in reproduction, antioxidant, oncostatic, anti inflammatory and anti-convulsant effect (Gitto E, 2013). Melatonin is mostly produced in the pineal gland in the brain during the hours of darkness and is involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle (circadian cycle).the circadian process is maintained by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which contains high number of melatonin receptors. During daytime, the SCN produces an arousal signal that maintains the wakefulness and prevents sleep drive however in darkness, there is a feedback loop which causes the release of melatonin which feeds back and inhibits the SCN (Geert et al, 2009) It has been documented that melatonin decreases with age especially in post menopausal women (Okatani Y, 2000). Other than to promote sleep, melatonin also show s sedative and anti-excitory effects (Hardeland R, 2008). 2.4 EXOGENOUS MELATONIN Exogenous melatonin has become one of the most frequently prescribed over the counter drug for those looking for non-prescription sleep medication (Wagner J, 1998). The exogenous melatonin is marketed to help promote quality sleep, helps in jet lag, or to regulate the circadian cycle due to jet lag or shift work due to its regulator role in the internal timing of biological rhythm. Some studies have shown that exogenous melatonin can help increase the sleep propensity although it may not be as effective as prescribed sleep medications (Zhdanova I, 2005). Studies have also been done regarding the use of exogenous melatonin in the treatment of sleep problems in individuals with sleep disability (Turk 2003) however there are still doubts on the efficacy of exogenous melatonin usage for the general public. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design This research was based on the PICOS guidelines : Population (P): All types of insomnia patients Intervention (I): Exogenous melatonin Comparitor (C): Insomnia patients on treatment with exogenous melatonin compared with other treatment by questionnaires Outcome (O): Efficacy and safety of treatment Study design (S): Randomized Controlled trials (RCT), Surveys 3.2 Database Literature search was done on electronic articles/ journals in Central, PubMed and Google Scholar. 3.3 Keywords Key words used to search articles with MESH terms were: Insomnia Exogenous melatonin 3.4 Quality Assessment Quality assessment of the paper was done using Jadad scoring for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for case-control and cohort studies. 1.Jaded score assesses the quality of published clinical trials based on methods relevant to random assignment, double blinding and the flow of patients. There are 7 criteria evaluated, whereby 1 point is given if the criteria is met and the last 2 crietria carries a negative mark. Range of score is from 0 (bad) to 5 (good) (Jadad et al. 1996). i. Was the study described as randomized (this include words such as randomly, random, and randomization)? [+1 point] ii. Was the method used to generate the sequence of randomization described and appropriate (table of random numbers, computer generated etc)? [+1 point] iii. Was the study described as double blind? [+1 point] iv. Was the method of double blinding described and appropriate (identical placebo, active placebo, dummy, etc)? [+1 point] v. Was there a description of withdrawals and dropouts? [+1point] vi. Deduct one point if the method used to generate the sequence of randomization was described and it was inappropriate (patients were allocated alternately, or according to date of birth, hospital number, etc)? vii. Deduct one point if the study was described as double blind but the method of blinding was inappropriate (eg. comparison of table vs. injection with no double dummy) 2. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) is developed to assess the quality of the non-randomized studies with its design, content and ease of use directed to the purpose of incorporating the quality assessments in the interpretation of the results. A ‘star system’ is developed to judge on 3 broad perspectives (Wells et al. 2014): i. The selection of the study groups ii. The comparability of the groups The ascertainment of either the exposure or outcome of interest for case-control or cohort studies respectively 3.5 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion criteria Studies included in this review were chosen according to the flowing criteria : i. Papers published in English language (2010-2015) ii. All study designs were included to maximize the data collection Study subjects includes all types of insomnia patients Exclusion criteria Studies that were done in foreign language and animal studies were excluded in this review 3.6 Ethical Clearance The ethical committee of UCSI was notified regarding this thesis write-up 3.7 GAANT Chart 3.8 Milestone Proposal presentation: 27.02.2015 Submission: 31.03.2015 Data analysis complete: 30.05.2015 Thesis submission: 15.07.2015 REFERENCES 1. CATHERINE CORNU, L. R., FLORENCE NOEL-BARON, ALAIN NICOLAS, NATHALIE FEUGIER-FAVIER, PASCAL ROY, BRUNO CLAUSTRAT, M. S.-E. A. B. K. 2010. A dietary supplement to improve the quality of sleep: a randomized placebo controlled trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10. 2. SZESEEN KEE, S. B. M. T., YONGMENG GOH 2010. Driving Fatigue and Performance among Occupational Drivers in Simulated Prolonged Driving. Global Journal of Health Science, 2. 3. REBECCA B COSTELLO, C. V. L., COURTNEY C BOYD, MEGHAN L O’CONNELL, CINDY C CRAWFORD, DEUSTER, M. L. S. A. P. A. 2014. The effectiveness of melatonin for promoting healthy sleep: a rapid evidence assessment of the literature. Nutrition Journal, 13. 4. DAVID R HILLMAN, M., FRCPE, FANZCA; ANITA SCOTT MURPHY, BEC; RAL ANTIC, MB, FRACP; LYNNE PEZZULLO, BEC 2006. The Economic Cost of Sleep Disorders. Sleep, 29. 5. GEERT MAYER, M. S. W.-W., MD, PHD; BARBARA ROTH-SCHECHTER, PHD; REINER LEHMANN, MD; CORINNE STANER, MD; MARKKU PARTINEN, MD, PHD 2009. Efficacy and Safety of 6-Month Nightly Ramelteon Administration in Adults with Chronic Primary Insomnia. Sleep, 32. 6. FRANK A.J.L. SCHEER, P. C. J. M., PHD; JOANNA I. GARCIA, BA; CAROLINA SMALES, BSC; ERIN E. KELLY, MSC; JENNY MARKS, MPH; ATUL MALHOTRA, M. S. A. S., PHD 2012. Repeated Melatonin Supplementation Improves Sleep in Hypertensive Patients Treated with Beta-Blockers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sleep, 35. 7. JONATHAN J. BASKETT, J. B. B., PHILIP C. WOOD, JOHN R. DUNCAN,MEGAN J. PLEDGER, JUDIE ENGLISH, JOSEPHINE ARENDT 2003. Does melatonin improve sleep in older people? A randomised crossover trial. Age and Aging, 32, 164-170. 8. P GRINGRAS, C. G., A P JONES , L WIGGS , P R WILLIAMSON , A SUTCLIFFE , P MONTGOMERY, W P WHITEHOUSE , I CHOONARA, A EDMOND, R APPLETON 2012. Melatonin for sleep problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: randomised doubl emasked placebo controlled trial. BMJ, 354. 9. LIIRA J, V. J., COSTA G, DRISCOLL TR, SALLINEN M, ISOTALO LK, RUOTSALAINEN JH 2014. Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work (Review). The Cochrane Collaboration. 10. VENKATARAMANUJAM SRINIVASAN, D. D. B., TIMO PARTONEN,RAHIMAH ZAKARIA,ZAHIRUDDIN OTHMAN 2014. The use of melatonin for treating sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease. ChronoPhysiology and Therapy, 51-57. 11. THOMAS ROTH 2007. Insomnia: Definition, Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences. Supplement, 3 12. LUCIA MARSEGLIA, G. D. A., SARA MANTI, SALVATORE AVERSA , TERESA ARRIGO, RUSSEL J. REITER, ELOISA GITTO 2015. Analgesic, Anxiolytic and Anaesthetic Effects of Melatonin: New Potential Uses in Pediatrics. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 1209-1220. 13. SCHWAB, N. S. G. P. G. I. G. E. A.-S. E. M. R. 2010. Effectiveness of Ramelteon for Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Placebo- Controlled Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 6 14. ROSEANNE DEFRONZO DOBKIN, M. M., KARINA L. BIENFAIT, LESLEY A. ALLEN, HUMBERTO MARIN, AND MICHAEL A. GARA 2009. Ramelteon for the treatment of insomnia in menopausal women. Menopause Int., 15, 13-18. 15. JAMIE M. ZEITZER, B. K., DOUG OTA, B. JENNY KIRATLI 2014. Randomized controlled trial of pharmacological replacement of melatonin for sleep disruption in individuals with tetraplegia. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 37. 16. GIULIANA GALLI-CARMINATIA, N. D., GILLES BERTSCHY 2009. Melatonin in the treatment of chronic sleep disorders in adults with autism: a retrospective study. S W i S S M e d W k ly, 139, 293-296.