The Goliad Massacre of the Texas Revolution

The Goliad Massacre of the Texas Revolution In the wake of the Texan defeat at the Battle of the Alamo on March 6, 1836, General Sam Houston ordered Colonel James Fannin to abandon his post at Goliad and march his command to Victoria. Moving slowly, Fannin did not depart until March 19. This delay allowed the lead elements of General Josà © de Urreas command to arrive in the area. A mixed force of cavalry and infantry, this unit numbered around 340 men. Moving to attack, it engaged Fannins 300-man column on an open prairie near Coleto Creek and prevented the Texans from reaching the safety of a nearby timber grove. Forming a square with artillery at the corners, Fannins men repulsed three Mexican assaults on March 19. During the night, Urreas force swelled to around 1,000 men and his artillery arrived on the field. Though the Texans worked to fortify their position during the night, Fannin and his officers doubted their ability to sustain another day of fighting. The next morning, after Mexican artillery opened fire on their position, the Texans approached Urrea regarding negotiating a surrender. In meeting with the Mexican leader, Fannin asked that his men be treated as prisoners of war according to the usages of civilized nations and paroled to the United States. Unable to grant these terms due to directives from the Mexican Congress and General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna and unwilling to mount a costly assault against Fannins position, he instead asked that the Texans become prisoners of war at the disposal of the Supreme Mexican Government. To support this request, Urrea stated that he was unaware of any instance where a prisoner of war who had trusted the Mexican government had lost their life. He also offered to contact Santa Anna for permission to accept the terms requested by Fannin. Confident that he would receive approval, Urrea told Fannin that he expected to receive a response within eight days. With his command surrounded, Fannin agreed to Urreas offer. Surrendering, the Texans were marched back to Goliad and housed at Presidio La Bahà ­a. Over the next few days, Fannins men were joined by other Texan prisoners that had been captured after the Battle of Refugio. In accord with his agreement with Fannin, Urrea wrote to Santa Anna and informed him of the surrender and recommended clemency for the prisoners. He failed to mention the terms sought by Fannin. Mexican POW Policy In late 1835, as he prepared to move north to subdue the rebelling Texans, Santa Anna grew concerned about the possibility of their receiving support from sources within the United States. In an effort to deter American citizens from taking up arms in Texas, he asked the Mexican Congress to take action. Responding, it passed a resolution on December 30 which stated, Foreigners landing on the coast of the Republic or invading its territory by land, armed, and with the intent of attacking our country, will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag. As the punishment for piracy was immediate execution, this resolution effectively directed the Mexican Army to take no prisoners. Complying with this directive, Santa Annas main army took no prisoners as it moved north to San Antonio. Marching north from Matamoros, Urrea, who lacked his superiors thirst for blood, preferred to take a more lenient approach with his prisoners. After capturing Texans at San Patricio and Agua Dulce in February and early March, he sidestepped execution orders from Santa Anna and sent them back to Matamoros. On March 15, Urrea again compromised when he ordered Captain Amos King and fourteen of his men to be shot after the Battle of Refugio, but allowed colonists and native Mexicans to go free. Marching to Their Death On March 23, Santa Anna replied to Urreas letter regarding Fannin and the other captured Texans. In this communication, he directly ordered Urrea to execute the prisoners which he dubbed perfidious foreigners. This order was repeated in a letter on March 24. Concerned about Urreas willingness to comply, Santa Anna also dispatched a note to Colonel Josà © Nicols de la Portilla, commanding at Goliad, ordering him to shoot the prisoners. Received on March 26, it was followed two hours later by a conflicting letter from Urrea telling him to treat the prisoners with consideration and to use them to rebuild the town. Though a noble gesture by Urrea, the general was aware that Portilla lacked sufficient men to guard the Texans during such an endeavor. Weighing both orders during the night, Portilla concluded that he was required to act on Santa Annas directive. As a result, he ordered that the prisoners be formed into three groups the following morning. Escorted by Mexican troops led by Captain Pedro Balderas, Captain Antonio Ramà ­rez, and Agustà ­n Alcà ©rrica, the Texans, still believing they were to be paroled, were marched to locations on the Bexar, Victoria, and San Patricio Roads. At each location, the prisoners were halted and then shot by their escorts. The overwhelming majority were killed instantly, while many of the survivors were chased down and executed. Those Texans who were too wounded to march out with their comrades were executed at the Presidio under the direction of Captain Carolino Huerta. The last to be killed was Fannin who was shot in the Presidio courtyard. Aftermath Of the prisoners at Goliad, 342 were killed while 28 successfully escaped the firing squads. An additional 20 were saved for use as doctors, interpreters, and orderlies through the intercession of Francita Alvarez (The Angel of Goliad). Following the executions, the bodies of the prisoners were burned and left to the elements. In June 1836, the remains were buried with military honors by forces led by General Thomas J. Rusk which advanced through the area after the Texan victory at San Jacinto. Though the executions at Goliad were carried out in accordance with Mexican law, the massacre had a dramatic influence abroad. Whereas Santa Anna and the Mexicans had previously been seen as cunning and dangerous, the Goliad Massacre and the Fall of the Alamo led them to be branded as cruel and inhuman. As a result, support for the Texans was greatly bolstered in the United States as well as overseas in Britain and France. Driving north and east, Santa Anna was defeated and captured at San Jacinto in April 1836 paving the way for Texas independence. Though peace existed for nearly a decade, conflict came to the region again in 1846 following the annexation of Texas by the United States. In May of that year, the Mexican-American War began and saw Brigadier General Zachary Taylor win quick victories at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. Selected Sources Texas State Historical Association: Goliad MassacreFannins Fight the Massacre at La BahiaTexas State Library Archives Commission: Goliad Massacre

Retail Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Retail Marketing - Essay Example Any organization works within the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental frameworks. ASDA operates in mature markets like US or UK. UK political environment is considerably stable and market is mature. In the mature market it becomes very crucial for the marketers for serving consumers in the best possible way so that consumer does not switch to competitors. Competition is high for the organization. As the figure below is drawn based on the data of MINTEL Tesco is leading market with  £ 29.99 bn sales. It is followed by Sainsbury and ASDA. ASDA according to the data is third in the row of Food retail market. This poses a challenge in front of it to reach at top level. Consumer has ability to pay and they are willing to pay. This is another important aspect of UK economy and market. â€Å"Food, drink and tobacco remain the core supermarket products, even though larger stores have expanded far beyond such basics. Spending on food, drink and tobacco in 2005 was  £95.1 billion (incl. VAT – around  £92.7 billion excl. VAT). Other important areas for the supermarkets are health & beauty ( £12.2 billion excl. VAT) and cleaning products ( £3.1 billion, excl. VAT).† (Mintel) Social-cultural factors are important as it describes the products and services which will be demanded. Technologically environment for UK market is one of the best markets in the world. All the new and latest technologies are available for food storage facilities, preparation and others. Food retailing requires meeting the legal perspectives and government guidelines of selling eatables and food items such as Food Standards Agency (FSA), UKs Food Safety (Temperature Control) Regulations 1995 and others. Environmental factors have become one of the major concerns of UK society. Due to this factor it is a pressure on organisations as well to keep their operations not only be take care of environmental

How Long Does My College Essay Have to Be?

How Long Does My College Essay Have to Be?Many students are unprepared for the length of their college essay and the term 'look ahead' is not the answer. In fact, you have to take a step back and focus on what you have to say.How long does your college essay have to be? When you can't tell, you may end up with an essay that has more filler than substance.There is a common misconception that a college essay is merely a series of facts. In fact, it is a statement of values or purpose and is meant to be a conversation piece that the professor asks students to finish.A college essay is always used as a guide. If a student uses the term 'look ahead' it is because they are trying to anticipate how the teacher will decide to go. You don't want to put yourself in a position where you have to decide what to say after your essay has been read.When you want to know how long does my college essay have to be, you must ask yourself what you hope to achieve with it. Are you writing to impress your professor or are you hoping to inspire your peers? Each of those desires has to be met.When a student starts a college essay with 'The following is a look ahead of the history of the time period,' there are several questions you must ask yourself before you continue. How long does my college essay have to be? How long will this article last on the Internet?The length of your college essay is a personal choice. No one can be expected to write an essay that fits within the guidelines set forth by the academic community. College is about maturity and independence, and therefore we have to be sure to keep in mind these things when we look ahead.

Types of Consumer Behaviour and their Impacts Case Study

Types of Consumer Behaviour and their Impacts - Case Study Example There are different ways in which consumers behave when buying goods and services hence forming four classes of consumer behaviour. Some consumers are described as opportunistic stop buyers and such have no specific place of buying their products but rather they get them from any vendor or service provider they meet. In comparison to the financial sector, these consumers are not patriotic to a specific bank or microfinance but their transactions are made at any bank or financial service provider that has advertised its services in an appealing way. It has been reported that consumers exhibit this behaviour in the financial sector due to the high interest rates charged in banks. Such companies should take into consideration the fact that if interest rates charged on borrowed loans continues to raise uncontrollably the customers will flee to banks that offer manageable rates. They should also be honest and give their customers any accumulated dividends and shares. Other customers will exhibit opportunistic store buying whereby they also have no specific preference of a certain brand but their unique character is that they buy products through partnering with other stakeholders who act as intermediaries. Their difference with opportunistic spot buyer is that they buy their products in bulk whereby the intermediary subsidizes the prices.

Key Pieces of Photo Essay Topics College

Key Pieces of Photo Essay Topics College Take camera with you whenever you go to school and earn a report on a normal school day. Needless to say, you must carefully choose every shot. Every student would like to beat the remainder of the competition to collect best photos and use them in their essay. Finding the Best Photo Essay Topics College So you don't actually wish to obtain a topic! If you're assigned a specific topic, consider the methods to develop it. Select a topic which you're passionate about. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you are able to counter to your own points. Just like with any essay you have ever written, the very first step in arranging a photo essay is to settle on a topic. It is dependent on requirements to a specific essay or your own alternative. When you choose a topic that you're passionate about, the practice gets easy. Do not neglect to develop an efficient outline to be successful! The Appeal of Photo Essay Topics College Out of the many varieties of essays, photo essays are definitely the most illustrious. A photo essay is a distinctive job and you may discover that it's rather hard to finish, particularly if you have never done it before. All photo essays should be constructed around a concrete emotional reaction. Every photo essay seeks to make an emotional answer, but that emotion is your decision. Based on the motivations behind your photo essay and what kind of subject it depicts, a lengthier text might be necessaryor just a few words might be sufficient. For peoplen't acquainted with the term photo essay, don't have any fear. Based on your theme, there are some kinds of photos you will want to use to anchor your essay. Many students think that it is a waste of time. Colleges want to find a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. They are not looking for perfect people. If you've ever read Fruits, you will understand what street fashion can be like. It's quite important to demonstrate your capacity to be a thorough observer of the Earth, since that will be one of your chief jobs as a college student. Also, bear in mind that no college is eager to admit somebody who is too close-minded to gain from being taught by other people. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole. The essay is where to permit the admissions office of your intended college get to understand your personality, character, and the talents and techniques that aren't on your transcript. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Explain your commitments, and you're going to be the sort of student colleges find immensely attractive. Before giving an official photo essay assignment, give students a chance to practice and get feedback. Have a good idea of what you wish to attain, and create it like you were teaching another person. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. Most people have a challenging time checking over their very own work. From time to time, seeing an illustration is the ideal approach to begin with a new project. Key Pieces of Photo Essay Topics College In such a way, you will be sure to make your essay stick out from the rest! When you employ a professional writer to complete the assignment for your benefit, you understand that your writing is in good hands. Another aim of the analytical essay is to assess thinking and that which you would do in various conditions. P.S. Keep in mind it is possible to contact online academic writers to help in topic selection together with writing the entire paper from A to Z.

Whatever They Told You About Cbest Writing Essay Samples Is Dead Wrong...And Heres Why

Whatever They Told You About Cbest Writing Essay Samples Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Educational essay writing is a style that anybody can learn how to produce, as soon as they understand the fundamentals of writing a report. You can also view sample essay papers seeking inspiration as they're written in catching and informative method. Ultimately, however, remember that excellent writing doesn't happen by accident. Your writing ought to be in the very first person (I). Imagine that you're a school principal faced with the job of making policy for your school. While an essay is a big project, there are several steps a student can take which will help break down the task into manageable components. For quite a few reasons, students cannot always complete their assignments in time or with the amount of quality they have to earn the grades they want. Other students write the introduction after they've written the principal body of the essay do whatever feels right for you as well as the bit of work you're writing. A positive response might only be the case if you robot that does not need rest. The free CBEST Writing practice test is specially designed to make certain that the test-taker is knowledgeable about the CBEST and has the ability to understand what things to expect when it's time to take the Writing part of the CBEST. The score for the entire test is figured with the addition of the person test scores from the 3 areas. The Pain of Cbest Writing Essay Samples Aldous Huxley, a top essayist, gives guidance on the discipline. When you purchase an essay from us, you're guaranteed to relish individual approach because essay help offered by our writers is always customized depending on your requirements. To write this kind of essay, the author should have real and extensive understanding of the discipline. Meet your own personal writer online, the individual who will craft your essay until it is ideal. Your thesis is the principal point of your essay. Essays are typical in elementary, middle, higher school and college, and you might even must compose essays in the industry world (although they're usually called reports'' at that point). Formal essays are normally academic in nature and tackle significant topics. A financial essay can begin with a thesis, or it may begin with a theme. Choosing online essay writers isn't a nightmare anymore. You can't compose an essay if you don't experience a concept of what things to write about. Essays are extremely personalized. There are several essay writing online companies which are readily available. What is Truly Going on with Cbest Writing Essay Samples Getting somebody else to read your drafts will be able to help you determine when you've gone too far. Quotations shouldn't be applied as a stand-in for your own words. The specific CBEST Writing Test includes 2 essay questions. The second sort of essay that you'll have to write for the test is the expository kind of essay. A complete reference also needs to be given in the reference list at the end. All you have to do is to put your order online or call us. To learn more please don't hesitate to get in touch with our Customer Support. Essay writing examples in doc format like the ones given may help steer you in writing a great composition. Determining the kind of essay is the very first step to writing a targeted essay. One of the fundamental tasks of the application essay is to follow along with the directions. Your thesis should inform the reader what point you'll be making or what question you are going to be answering about this issue. However difficult it is to compose an essay, our authors can deal at any difficulty. Our competent writers are here in order to help you in solving any academic endeavor. Don't forget to look at your writing after you've finished. Your writing ought to be neat and legible.

Training and development Essay Example for Free

Training and development Essay Orientation Period All fresh and promotes employees take part in an orientation period. The reason of the orientation period is to greet employees to The Cornell Cooperative Extension Association and to publicize them with the Association and their fresh jobs and responsibilities. The beginning of the orientation period may comprise of a tour of the â€Å"facility, introduction to coworkers, distribution and review of the employee manual, and enrollment in benefits, if applicable. † Along with that, the employees manager will analyze the performance prospect of the job and program on-the-job training and development. During the complete orientation period, the Association will assess and supply on-going feedback comparative to the latest staff members presentation. The Association will then decide whether or not the new staff member will be kept hold of. The new staff member will have the chance to choose whether or not she/he wishes to continue with the service associated with the Association. The orientation period is not an agreement of service for any set phase of time. Exempt staff members provide a least orientation period of twelve months. Non-exempt staff members serve an orientation period of up to six months. All through the orientation period, the employees supervisor â€Å"monitors, provides feedback and coaching, and evaluates the employees job performance, work habits, attendance, cooperation, and potential for development in the position. † Staff members get a written notice if they are not to be kept held by the Association through the orientation or if the orientation period is to be lengthened. http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/310%20(A). htm. Performance Development Professional expansion prospects supply for the constant enlargement and knowledge of employees and, in turn, improve their involvements to the association. Successful proficient development strategies occupy the employee, his/her supervisor, the Association, and Extension Administration. Any staff member has the accountability to look for explanation of roles and responsibilities at any occasion when there is hesitation or perplexity surrounding performance prospects during the supervisor or Association. Promotions and Transfers. Cornell Cooperative Extension supports the career development and expansion of its employees by allowing employees for promotions and transfers to other places. It is the objective of the Association to utilize worthwhile workers whose documentations and knowledge go with the requirements of the situation. The Association normally employs both internal and external candidates for job opportunities. Program and administrative requirements of the Association may involve a worker being allocated latest â€Å"responsibilities, roles and accountabilities at any time. † http://counties. cce. cornell.edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/312%20(A). htm. Separating from Employment To guarantee an even change an employee who proposes to leave from service with Cornell Cooperative Extension is appealed to present a written notice to the employees supervisor at least two workweeks prior to the date of resignation is to be efficient. Supervisory staff is demanded to provide a minimum of four workweeks written notice. Retirement is a partition of service when the member of staff chooses to accept withdrawal advantages under his or her retirement benefit plan. A written exit interview form is supplied to the worker. In the exit interview form, the worker is encouraged to offer â€Å"suggestions, concerns, and constructive recommendations about the Association and its policies. † An employees final paycheck for all hours worked is given on the next habitually planned payday after the employees last day of work. http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/315%20(A). htm Substance Free Workplace It is Associations ambition to supply a â€Å"drug- and alcohol-free and smoke free, healthy, and safe workplace. † Employees are needed to account to work in a suitable mental and physical situation to carry out their jobs in a reasonable approach. An employee is banned from carrying, â€Å"using, selling, purchasing, storing, distributing, manufacturing, or having alcoholic beverages, illegal drugs, controlled substances, or narcotics present in the employees system when reporting to work, during working hours, or at any time while conducting official business-related activities. † An employee should account any troubles in the place of work that happen as a consequence of alcohol or drugs to the employees supervisor straight away. http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/905%20(A). htm. Compensation Worker’s Compensation Workers Compensation Insurance is a New York State-required agenda planned to defend the monetary steadiness and to cover medical bills of employees who experience an unintentional damage or sickness happening out of and in the route of service, as determined by the Workers’ Compensation Board. Any misplaced time must be recognized by a physicians certificate. Compensation payments are carried out by the State Insurance Fund as a repayment to the Association in agreement with the following salary persistence policy: â€Å"If the injury/illness lasts 7 calendar days or less: The employee will be paid at full salary and sick leave will not be charged against the employee. The Association is not reimbursed by the State Insurance Fund for the missed days. If the injury/illness lasts more than 7 calendar days, but not more than 14: Beginning with the eighth day, the association compensates the employee at 2/3 pay for missed days. The State Insurance Fund will only reimburse the association for up to 2/3 of the employees average weekly salary for those days missed beyond the first seven. The employee may elect to use accrued sick leave to supplement the 2/3 pay from the association. If the injury/illness lasts more than 14 calendar days: The Association will continue to pay the employee at 2/3 pay. The Association will be reimbursed by the State Insurance Fund for up to 2/3 of the employees average weekly salary (including the first 7 days). Again, the employee may elect to use 1/3 accrued sick leave to supplement the 2/3 pay from the Association. † http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/605%20(A).htm Position Classification and Pay Rates. The Association employs the Cornell Cooperative Extension System Classification Model. Each situation surrounded by the Association is allocated a classification payroll title thoughtful of the position’s position and responsibilities. Rates of pay are recognized by the Association in agreement with the Association Compensation Program. The Association’s goal is to pay each employee moderately supported upon presentation and monetary potential and dependable with job responsibilities. The payroll period begins on Thursday and ends 14 calendar days later on Wednesday for non-exempt. For Exempt, the first payroll period begins on the first day of the month and continues through the 15th of that month. The second payroll period begins on the 16th day of the month and continues through the last day of the month. Appraisal Benefits Administration The Association offer its employees a complete benefits parcel. Eligibility for benefits is reliant upon numerous factors, including employment classification and length of service. Benefits are administered according to appropriate administration guideline, â€Å"insurance carrier master policy, plan document, or Association policy. † In addition, the Association has the right to decide suitability for benefits and to understand the terms of each plan or Association policy. The Association reserves the right to put in, adjust, or finish benefits for all present, previous, and retired employees at any time. http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/801%20(A). htm References CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 101 http://counties. cce. cornell.edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/101%20(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 301 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/301(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 302 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/302%20(A). htm. Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 303 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/303%20(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 304 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/304%20(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006. CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 308 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/308%20(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETompkins. org | Your Page http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/employment/staffDev. htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 310 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/310%20(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 312 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/312%20(A). htm. Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 315 http://counties. cce.cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/315%20(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 605 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/605%20(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 801 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/801%20(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CCETC HR Policy Manual Code 905 http://counties. cce. cornell. edu/tompkins/HRpolicy/905%20(A). htm Accessed October 4, 2006 CLA: About CLA CLA Position Statements: Human Resource Management Practices ttp://www. cla. ca/about/human.htm Accessed October 4, 2006 Compensation Internet Guide http://www. hr-guide. com/compensation. htm Accessed October 4, 2006 Cornell Cooperative Extension http://www. cce. cornell. edu/about_extension/ Accessed October 4, 2006 Human Resources Management ttp://www. managementhelp. org/hr_mgmnt/hr_mgmnt. htm Accessed October 4, 2006 Human resources Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ttp://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Personnel Accessed October 4, 2006 Office of Human Capital Management Homepage http://www. usda. gov/da/employ. html Accessed October 4, 2006.